颜渊篇第十二

原文:颜渊问仁。子曰:“克己复礼为仁。一日克己复礼,天下归仁焉。为仁由己,而由人乎哉?”颜渊曰:“请问其目。”子曰:“非礼勿视,非礼勿听,非礼勿言,非礼勿动。”颜渊曰:“回虽不敏,请事斯语矣。”

白话:颜渊询问仁的问题。孔子说:“克制自己,行动以礼为准绳就是仁。一旦这样做,社会就能纳入仁的轨道。实行仁完全在于自己,哪里在于别人?”颜渊说:“请问实行仁的具体做法是什么。”孔子说:“不合礼法的事不要看,不要听,不要说,不要做。”颜渊说:“我虽不才,也一定要照您的话去做。”

翻译:YanYuanaskedConfuciusabouthumanity.Confuciussaid,“Setstrictdemandsonourselvessoastomakeouractionconformtostandardsofproprieties.Thisishumanity.Solongaswedothisway,oursocietywillbe

putontractofhumanity.Itcompletelydependsononeselftomakehisactionconformtostandardsofhumanity.Howcanitbethatitdependsonothers?”YanYuansaid,“Wouldyoupleasetellmetheconcretewaytodoit?”Confucius

said,“Astothingsgoingagainsthumanity,youjustdon’tlookat,don’tlistento,don’tspeak,anddon’tdo.”YanYuansaid,“I’mverysimple,yetI’mwillingtodoeverythingaccordingtoyourremarks.”

原文:仲弓问仁。子曰:“出门如见大宾,使民如承大祭;己所不欲,勿施于人;在邦无怨,在家无怨。”仲弓曰:“雍虽不敏,请事斯语矣。”

白话:仲弓询问仁的问题。孔子说:“出门办事如同去见贵宾,使唤百姓如同举行盛大祭典。自己不愿意要的,不要强加于别人;同事中不结怨,亲属中和睦相处。”仲弓说:“我虽不才,也要照您的话去做。”

翻译:ZhongGongaskedwhatactioncanbeconsideredhumanity.Confuciussaid,“Goouttomanagebusinessrespectfullyandseriouslyasmeetingwithdistinguishedguests.Orderpeopleaboutasifholdgrandsacrificialrites.Do

notdotootherswhatyouwouldnothavethemtodotoyou.Donotbreedenmitywithcolleagues;liveinharmonyathome.”ZhongGongsaid,“I’mquitesimple,butI’mwillingtoactaccordingtoyourremarks.”

原文:司马牛问仁。子曰:“仁者,其言也讱。”曰:“其言也讱,斯谓之仁矣乎?”子曰:“为之难,言之得无讱乎?”

白话:司马牛询问仁的问题。孔子说:“仁人说话十分谨慎。”司马牛说:“说话谨慎,这就叫做仁了吗?”孔子说:“做起来很难,说的时候能不谨慎吗?”

翻译:SimaNiuaskedquestionsabouthumanity.Confuciussaid,“Noble-mindedpeoplespeakcautiously.”SimaNiusaid,“Speakingcautiouslyishumanity?”

Confuciussaid,“Doingsomethingisverydifficult.Inviewofthis,howcanitbeadvisableforusnottospeakcautiously?”

原文:司马牛问君子。子曰:“君子不忧不惧。”曰:“不忧不惧,斯谓之君子已乎?”子曰:“内省不疚,夫何忧何惧?”

白话:司马牛询问有关君子的问题。孔子说:“君子不忧愁,不恐惧。”司马牛说:“不忧愁,不恐惧,这样就可以叫做君子了吗?”孔子说:“自己问心无愧,那还有什么可忧可惧的呢?”

翻译:SimaNiuaskedquestionsaboutgentlemen.Confuciussaid,“Gentlemenneitherworryaboutnorfearanything.”SimaNiusaid,“Canworryingaboutorfeeingnotingbeconsideredhumanity?”Confuciussaid,“Ifonehasnothing

onhisconscience,thenwhatintheworldcanmakehimworryaboutandfearanything?”

原文:司马牛忧曰:“人皆有兄弟,我独亡。”子夏曰:“商闻之矣:死生有命,富贵在天。君子敬而无失,与人恭而有礼,四海之内,皆兄弟也。君子何患乎无兄弟也?”

白话:司马牛忧伤地说:“别人都有兄弟,唯独我没有。”子夏说:“我听说过:‘死生有命,富贵在天。’君子只要敬业不出差错,对人恭敬合乎于礼,天下人就都是自己的兄弟。君子何愁没有兄弟呢?”

翻译:SimaNiusaidsadly,“Allothershavebrothers.OnlyIhavenone.”ZiXiasaid,“Iheard,‘Lifeanddeathdependonfate;richesandhonorsdependonHeaven.’Solongasagentlemanworksselflesslymakingnomistakesand

treatspeopleaccordingtoproprieties,he’llfindthatallpeopleintheworldarehisfriends.What’stheneedforagentlemantoworryabouthavingnofriend?”

原文:子张问明。子曰:“浸润之谮,肤受之愬,不行焉,可谓明也已矣。浸润之谮,肤受之愬,不行焉,可谓远也已矣。”

白话:子张问怎样做才算明智。孔子说:“像水暗中浸润物体那样的诽谤,像刀狠狠切皮肤那样的诬陷,在你那里都行不通,那你就算明智。像水暗中浸润物体那样的诽谤,像刀狠狠割皮肤那样的诬陷,在你那里都行不通,那你就算有远见。”

翻译:ZiZhangaskedquestionsaboutsensibility.Confuciussaid,“Someslandersarelikewatersoakingintosomethingsecretly.Someframesarelikeknivescuttingskinruthlessly.Iftheseslandersandframescandonothingtoyou,then

youcanbeconsideredamanofsensibility.Andiftheseslandersandframescandonothingtoyou,thenyoucanbeconsideredamanofforesight.”

原文:子贡问政。子曰:“足食,足兵,民信之矣。”子贡曰:“必不得已而去,于斯三者何先?”曰:“去兵。”子贡曰:“必不得已而去,于期二者何先?”曰:“去食。自古皆有死,民无信不立。”白话:子贡询问如何处理政务。孔子说,“要做到粮食充足,军备充足,百姓信任。”子贡说:“如果不得不去掉一项,那么在三项中先去掉哪一项呢?”孔子说:“去掉军备充足。”子贡说:“如果不得不再去掉一项,那么剩下的两项中去掉哪一项呢?”孔子说:“去掉粮食充足。自古以来人总是要死人的,如果百姓不信任,国家就不能存在了。”

翻译:ZiGongaskedhowtomanagegovernmentaffairs.Confuciussaid,“Youshouldhaveabundantgrain,sufficienttroopsandpeople’strust.”ZiGongsaid,“IfIhavetoremoveoneofthem,whichoneshouldbetakenofffirst?”Confucius

said,“Takeoffsufficienttroops.”ZiGongsaid,“IfIhavetoremoveanotherone,whichoneshouldbetakenoff?”Confuciussaid,“Takeoffabundantgrain.Theremusthavepeopletodieeversinceancienttimes.Ifyoulosepeople’s

trust,thestatewillbeunabletoexist.”

原文:棘子成曰:“君子质而已矣,何以文为?”子贡曰:“惜乎夫子之说君子也!驷不及舌。文犹质也,质犹文也,虎豹之鞟犹犬羊之鞟。”

白话:棘子成说:“君子只要重视品质就行了,何必重视文化呢?”子贡说:“真可惜呀,夫子您居然这样谈论君子。一言既出,驷马难追。品质就像文化,文化就像品质,两者同等重要。去毛的虎豹皮,就如同去毛的犬羊皮一样。”

翻译:JiChengztusaid,“Gentlemenshouldlaystressonqualities.What’stheneedtoattachimportancetoculture?”ZiGongsaid,“Whatapity!Asamaster,youshouldtalkaboutgentlemenlikethis.Awordonceoutofthelipscannot

berecoveredevenbyswifthorses.Qualitiesarelikeculture,andviceversa.Tigerorleopardleatherisjustlikedogorsheepleather.”

原文:哀公问于有若曰:“年饥,用不足,如之何?”有若对曰:“盍彻乎?”曰:“二,吾犹不足,如之何其彻也?”对曰:“百姓足,君孰与不足?百姓不足,君孰与足?”

白话:鲁哀公问有若说:“遭饥荒,国家财政困难,怎么办?”有若回答说:“为什么不实行十一税?”哀公说:“现在抽十分之二,我还不够,怎么能实行十一税呢?”有若说:“如果百姓富足,您怎么会不跟着富足呢?如果百姓贫穷,您又怎么能富足呢?”

翻译:AiGong,thelordofthecountryLuaskedYouRuo,“Ourcountryissufferingfromfinancialdifficultiesduetothefamine.Whatcanwedo?”YouRuoreplied,“Whydon’tyoucarryouttheOneTenthTax?”AiGongsaid,“EvenTwoTenth

isnotenough,letaloneOneTenth.”YouRuosaid,“Iftheordinarypeoplearerich,howcanitbepossiblethatyou’renotrichconsequently?Andiftheordinarypeoplearepoor,howcanitbepossiblethatyouarerich?”

原文:子张问崇德辨惑。子曰:“主忠信,徙义,崇德也。爱之欲其生,恶之欲其死,既欲其生,又欲其死,是惑也。‘诚不以富,亦祗以异。’”

白话:子张问提高道德水平和明辨是非的问题。孔子说:“以忠信为宗旨,弘扬正义,就可以提高品德。对一个人,爱的时候,就希望他长生不老;恨的时候,就希望他马上就死。既盼他长生,又盼他快死,这就是不辨是非。正如《诗经》所说:‘即使不是嫌贫爱富,也是喜新厌旧。’”

翻译:ZiZhangaskedhowtoenhancemorallevelanddistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.Confuciussaid,“Takinghonestyaspurposeandcarryingforwardjusticecanenhanceaperson’smorallevel.Whenyouloveaperson,youwish

hecouldenjoylongevity.Butwhenyouhatehim,youwishhecoulddieimmediately.Wishapersonalonglifeandmeanwhilehopehecoulddieatonce.Wishapersonalonglifeandatthesametimehopehecoulddie

immediately.Itisthatyoucan’tdistinguishrightfromwrong.ItisjustlikewhatTheBookofSongssaid,‘Evenifitisnotthatyoudislikethepoorandlovetherich,itisatleastthatyoulovethenewanddisliketheold.’”

原文:齐景公问政于孔子。孔子对曰:“君君、臣臣、父父、子子。”公曰:“善哉!信如君不君,臣不臣,父不父,子不子,虽有粟,吾得而食诸?”

白话:齐景公向孔子请教如何处理政务。孔子说:““君像君、臣像臣、父像父、子像子。”齐景公说:“说得好!如果君不像君、臣不像臣、父不像父、子不像子,即使粮食再多,我能吃得到吗?”

翻译:JingGong,thelordofthecountryQiaskedConfuciushowtomanagegovernmentaffairs.Confuciussaid:“Alordshouldbelikealord.Acourtiershouldbelikeacourtier.Afathershouldbelikeafather.Asonshouldbe

likeason.”JingGongsaid,“Quiteright!Ifalordisnotlikealord,acourtierisnotlikeacourtier,afatherisnotlikeafather,andasonisnotlikeason,canIhavesomethingtoeatevenifthegrainissufficient?”

原文:子曰:“片言可以折狱者,其由也与?”子路无宿诺。

白话:孔子说:“只凭单方供词就可判案的,大概只有仲由吧。”子路履行诺言从不过夜。

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Decideacaseonlyaccordingtoone-sidestory.MaybeonlyZhongYoucandoit.”

原文:子曰:“听讼,吾犹人也。必也使无讼乎!”

白话:孔子说:“审理诉讼案,我和别人一样。重要的是杜绝诉讼案件的发生!”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Asfortryingacase,mineisidenticalwiththewayofothers.Themostimportantthingisthatweshoulddoourbesttopreventanylawsuitcasesfromoccurring!”

原文:子张问政。子曰:“居之无倦,行之以忠。”

白话:子张问如何理政。孔子说:“勤勉为民,精忠报国。”

翻译:ZiZhangaskedhowtomanagegovernmentaffairs.Confuciussaid,“Assiduouslyservethepeopleandloyallyrepaythecountry.”

原文:子曰:“君子博学于文,约之以礼,亦可以弗畔矣夫。”

白话:孔子说:“君子广泛学习,用礼节加以约束,也就不会误入歧途!”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Songlongaskeepingextensivestudy,observingdisciplinesandabidingbythelaw,agentlemancanavoidgoingastray.”

原文:子曰:“君子成人之美,不成人之恶。小人反是。”

白话:孔子说:“君子成全别人的好事,而不助长别人的坏事。小人则与此相反。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Gentlemenhelpothersachieveadesiredendbutdonotencourageotherstodoevil.Butvulgariansruncountertoit.”

原文:季康子问政于孔子。孔子对曰:“政者正也。子帅以正,孰敢不正?”

白话:季康子问孔子如何理政。孔子回答说:“政就是正。您带头走正路,谁敢不跟着走?”

翻译:JiKangziaskedhowtomanagegovernmentaffairs.Confuciussaid,“Bysayinggovernmentaffairs,itmeansthateverythingmustbedonecorrectly.Sinceyoutakealeadintakingarightway,whodarenottofollowyou?”

原文:季康子患盗,问于孔子。孔子对曰:“苟子之不欲,虽赏之不窃。”

白话:季康子苦于盗窃成灾,问孔子怎么办。孔子回答说:“假如你自己不贪财谋利,即使奖励偷窃,也没有人去干。”

翻译:Distressedaboutbeinginfestedwithrobbersandthieves,JinKangZiaskedConfuciushowtodealwithit.Confuciussaid,“Ifyouyourselfseeknopersonalgain,nooneiswillingtocommittheftevenifyougiveawardstohim.”

原文:季康子问政于孔子曰:“如杀无道,以就有道,何如?”孔子对曰:“子为政,焉用杀?子欲善而民善矣。君子之德风,人小之德草,草上之风,必偃。”

白话:季康子问孔子如何理政,说:“如果杀掉歹徒来成全好人,怎么样?”孔子说:“您治理政事,哪用得着杀戮呢?您想行善,百姓也会跟着行善。地位高的人品德好比风,地位低下的人的品德好比草,风吹到草上,草必然会倒。”

翻译:JiKangziaskedConfuciushowtomanagegovernmentaffairsandsaid,“IfIkillevildoerstohelpgoodpeople,Whatdoyouthinkaboutit?”Confuciussaid,“Howcanyoumanagegovernmentaffairsbykilling?Ifyouwanttodo

goodworks,peoplewillfollowyou.Apersoninhighpositionisjustlikewind.Whileapersoninlowpositionisjustlikegrass.Whenwindblowsongrass,grasswillcertainlytoppleandfall.”

原文:子张问:“士何如斯可谓之达矣?”子曰:“何哉,尔所谓达者?”子张对曰:“在邦必闻,在家必闻。”子曰:“是闻也,非达也。夫达也者,质直而好义,察言而观色,虑以下人。在邦必达,在家必达。夫闻也者,色取仁而行违,居之不疑。在邦必闻,在家必闻。”

白话:子张问:“怎样才能显达呢?”孔子说:“你所说的显达是什么意思?”子张说:“做官有名,居家也有名。”孔子说:“这是名,不是达。所谓显达,就是品质正直,崇尚道义,善于察言观色,甘心处于人下。这样就会做官显达,居家也显达。诚然如此,但表面仁义而内心相反、以仁义自居而不疑的人,也能骗取名声。”

翻译:ZiZhangasked,“Howtobecomeillustriousandinfluential?”Confuciussaid,“Whatdoyoumeanbysayingillustriousandinfluential?”ZiZhangsaid,“Well

knownbothathomeandabroad.”Confuciussaid,“Thisisonlytheproblemofbeingwellknownbutnottheoneofbeinginfluential.Bysayingillustriousandinfluential,wemeanthemoralitiesincludingbeinghonest,just,goodat

feelingsomebodyoutbyexamininghiswordsandobservinghiscountenance,andwillingtobeinlowposition.Onlybydoingso,canapersonbecomeillustriousandinfluentialbothhomeandabroad.Indeedso,butsomeother

peoplecanalsogetgoodreputationshomeandabroadbycheatingwhoshowonlysuperficialhumanitybuttheyareentirelydifferentfromrealityandwhoconsiderthemselvestobemenofintegritywithoutashadowofdoubt.”

原文:樊迟从游于舞雩之下,曰:“敢问崇德、修慝、辨惑。”子曰:“善哉问!先事后得,非崇德与?攻其恶,无攻人之恶,非修慝与?一朝之忿,忘其身,以及其亲,非惑与?”

白话:樊迟陪孔子在祭坛下散步时说:“请问怎样才能提高品德、改正错误、明辨是非?”孔子说:“问得好!吃苦在前,享受在后,不就能提高品德吗?批评自己,不去批评别人,不就能改正错误吗?忍不住一时之气,忘了自己和亲人的安危,这难道不就是糊涂吗?”

翻译:WalkingunderthesacrificialaltarincompanywithConfucius,FanChisaid,“Howtoenhancemorallevel,correctmistakesanddistinguishbetweentruth

andfalsehood?”Confuciussaid,“Anexcellentquestion!Bearhardshipfirstandthenenjoycomforts.Ithelpsapersontoenhancemorallevel,doesn’tit?Doself-criticismbutdon’tcriticizeothers.Ithelpsapersontocorrectmistakes,

doesn’tit?Somepeoplecannotendureuncomplaininglyforawhileandforgetthedangershehimselfandhisbelovedarefacedwith.Surelyitdoesn’tmeanthattheyarenotbewildered.”

原文:樊迟问仁。子曰:“爱人。”问知。子曰:“知人。”樊迟未达。子曰:“举直错诸枉,能使枉者直。”樊迟退,见子夏曰:“乡也吾见于夫子而问知,子曰‘举直错诸枉,能使枉者直’,何谓也?”子夏曰:“富哉言乎!舜有

天下,选于众,举皋陶,不仁者远矣。汤有天下,选于众,举伊尹,不仁者远矣。”

白话:樊迟问什么是仁。孔子说:“对人慈爱。”问智,孔子说:“对人了解。”樊迟不理解。孔子说:“以正压邪,能使邪者正。”樊迟退出来,见到子夏说:“刚才我见到老师,问什么是智,老师说:‘以正压邪,能使邪者正’,是什么意思?”子夏说:“这话很深刻!舜管理天下,从群众中选拔人才,选了皋陶,邪恶之徒从此销声匿迹。汤管理天下,从群众中选拔人才,选了伊尹,不法之徒从此无影无踪。”

翻译:FanChiaskedquestionsabouthumanity.Confuciussaid,“Lovepeople.”FanChiaskedquestionsaboutwisdom.Confuciussaid,“Understandpeople.”FanChididn’tunderstand.Confuciussaid,“Overwhelmunhealthytrendwith

healthytrend.”ComingoutandsawZiXia,FanChisaid,“Isawourmasterandaskedhimsomethingaboutwisdom.Hesaid,‘Overwhelmunhealthytrendwithhealthytrend.’Whatdoesitmean?”ZiXiasaid,“Extremelyprofound!When

administeringhisstate,Yaoselectedpersonsoftalentfromamongthebroadmasses.GaoYaowaschosenandevildoersdisappeared.Whenadministeringhisstate,Tangselectedpersonsoftalentfromamongthebroadmasses.Yi

Yinwaschosenandvulgariansdisappeared.”

原文:子贡问友。子曰:“忠告而善道之,不可则止,毋自辱也。”

白话:子贡问怎样对待朋友。孔子说:“诚恳地加以劝告,恰当地加以引导,如果不听也就罢了,不要自取其辱。”

翻译:ZiGongaskedthewaytotreatfriends.Confuciussaid,“Honestlyadviseandprobablyguidethem.Iftheydon’tlistentoyou,justleaveitatthatanddon’tgetself-insulted.”

原文:曾子曰:“君子以文会友,以友辅仁。”

白话:曾子说:“君子以学问交朋友,靠朋友帮助来提高自身素质。”

翻译:ZengZisaid,“Gentlemenmakefriendswithknowledgeandbettertheirownqualitieswiththehelpoffriends.”