述而第七
原文：子曰：“述而不作，信而好古，窃比于我老彭。”
白话：孔子说：“只传授现有的知识而不创新，相信先人，特别喜爱古代典籍，我私下自比商朝的老彭。”
翻译：Confucius said,“I only pass on the existing knowledge but don’t make innovations.Ibelieve ancestors, especially love the ancient classical works. In secret, I compare myself with Shang Dynasty’s Mr. Peng.”
原文：子曰：“默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉？”
白话：孔子说：“将知识默记在心，自学不满足，教人不厌倦，这些对我有什么难的？”
翻译：Confucius said,“Learn knowledge by heart, unsatisfied with study, untiring of teaching others. How can these things be difficult to me?”
原文：子曰：“德之不修，学之不讲，闻义不能徙，不善不能改，是吾忧也。”
白话：孔子说：“对品德不培养，对学问不钻研，听到义之所在却不能迁往，有错误不能改正，这些都是我所担忧的。
翻译：Confucius said,“Don’t cultivate noble morality, don’t assiduously study knowledge, don’t learn from good examples, don’t correct mistakes. All these are what I worry about.”
原文：子之燕居，申申如也，夭夭如也。
白话：孔子闲居在家，衣冠楚楚，悠闲自在。
翻译：When staying at home, Confucius was well dressed, carefree and content.
原文：子曰：“甚矣吾衰也！久矣吾不复梦见周公。”
白话：孔子说：“我非常衰老了！好久没有梦见周公了。”
翻译：Confucius said, “I’m too doddery! I haven’t dreamt of Mr. Ji for a long time.”
原文：子曰：“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺。”
白话：孔子说：“树立远大理想，培养优秀道德，胸怀仁爱之心，陶冶高尚情操。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Acquire high ideals, cultivate fine morality, cherish humane feeling, mould noble sentiment.”
原文：子曰：“自行束修以上，吾未尝无诲焉。”
白话：孔子说：“凡是自愿拿出十多条干肉，我从来没有不教的。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Whoever is willing to give me ten or more pieces of dried meat, I’ve never refused to teach him.”
原文：子曰：“不愤不启，不悱不发，举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也。”
白话：孔子说：“学生不到苦思冥想时，不去提醒；不到想说却说不出时，不去引导。不能举一例能理解三个类似的问题，就不要再教了。
翻译：Confucius said, “When teaching a student, don’t remind him before he can rack his brains, and don’t guide him before he wants to say but cannot speak out. If he cannot learn by analogy, don’t teach him anymore.”
原文：子食于有丧者之侧，未尝饱也。
白话：有戴孝的人在旁边，孔子从来没有吃饱过。
翻译：With a person in mourning at his side, Confucius can never eat his fill.
子于是日哭，则不歌。
白话：孔子如在这一天哭泣过，便不再唱歌。
翻译：If weeping on this day, Confucius would no longer sing.
子谓颜渊曰：“用之则行，舍之则藏，惟我与尔有是夫！”子路曰：“子行三军，则谁与？”子曰：“暴虎冯河，死而无悔者，吾不与也。必也临事而惧，好谋而成者也。”白话：孔子对颜渊说：“受重用，我就大显身手；不受重用，我就韬光养晦，只有你我才能做到这样吧！”子路问孔子说：“您如果统帅三军，要什么样的人配合呢？”孔子说：“空手斗虎，光脚过河，死不后悔的人，我是不会要的。我要找的，一定是小心行事、以智谋取胜的人。”
翻译：Confucius said to Yan Yuan, “If I’m put in an important position, I’ll fully display my talents, otherwise I’ll conceal my capacities. Only you and me can do this, can’t we?” Zi Lu asked Confucius, “If you command the country’s armed
forces, what sorts of persons do you choose to be your assistants?” Confucius said, “I don’t need anyone who can wrestle with tigers bear-handed and across rivers bare-foot, and never repent. Who I’m looking for are those who can act
cautiously and win by strategy.”
原文：子曰：“富而可求也，虽执鞭之士，吾亦为之。如不可求，从吾所好。”
白话：孔子说：“如能合理致富，哪怕赶车，我也干；如不能，我就干自己喜欢的事。”
翻译：Confucius said, “So long as I can be rich reasonably, I’m willing to do anything, even if I have to drive cars for others, I don’t care. Otherwise, I’d like to do anything I love.”
原文：子之所慎：齐，战，疾。
白话：孔子谨慎行事，这些事包括：斋戒、战争和疾病。
翻译：Confucius acted cautiously in three aspects including fast, war and diseases.
原文：子在齐闻《韶》，三月不知肉味，曰：“不图为乐之至于斯也。”
白话：孔子在齐国听到了《韶》乐，有很长时间尝不出肉的滋味，他说，“想不到《韶》乐的美到这种迷人的地步。”
翻译：After hearing the music named Shao in the country Qi, Confucius couldn’t taste beef. He said, “I’ve never realized that Shao should be amazing like this.”
原文：冉有曰：“夫子为卫君乎？”子贡曰：“诺，吾将问之。”入，曰：“伯夷、叔齐何人也？”曰：“古之贤人也。”曰：“怨乎？”曰：“求仁而得仁，又何怨？”出，曰：“夫子不为也。”
白话：冉有说：“老师打算辅佐卫国的君主吗？”子贡说：“哦，我去问问。”子贡进去后，问：“伯夷、叔齐属于哪种人？”答：“古代贤人啊。”问：“他们后悔吗？”答：“求仁而得仁，后悔什么？”子贡出来说：“老师不会去帮卫君。”
翻译：Ran You said, “Is our master going to assist the lord of the country Wei?” Zi Gong said, “Let me ask him.” After entering the room, Zi Gong asked his
master, “What sort of persons do Bo Yi and Shu Qi belong to?” The master replied: “They are ancient worthy persons.” Zi Gong asked, “Did they regret?”
The master replied, “They sought humanity and they got it. Why regret?” Zi Gong going out and said, “Our master wouldn’t go to assist the country Wei.”
原文：子曰：“饭疏食饮水，曲肱而枕之，乐亦在其中矣。不义而富且贵，于我如浮云。”
白话：孔子说：“吃粗粮，喝白水，弯着胳膊当枕头，也能乐在其中啊。不仁不义的富贵，对我来说，就像天上的浮云。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Even have plain tea and simple fare and take a bended arm as a pillow, I can still take pleasure in them. In my eye, riches and honors without humanity are just like floating clouds in the sky.”
原文：子曰：“加我数年，五十以学《易》，可以无大过矣。”
白话：孔子说：“再给我几年时间，到五十岁学习《易》，我就可以不犯大错了。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Let me have several more years and I’ll study Yi. And at that time, I can avoid committing big mistakes.”
原文：子所雅言，《诗》、《书》、执礼，皆雅言也。
白话：孔子有时讲普通话：吟诗、读书、举行典礼时，都用普通话。
翻译：Sometimes Confucius spoke in popular speech. When reading Poems, Book and taking part in ceremonies, he spoke in popular speech.
原文：叶公问孔子于子路，子路不对。子曰：“女奚不曰：其为人也，发愤忘食，乐以忘忧，不知老之将至云尔。”
白话：叶公向子路问孔子是个什么样的人，子路不答。孔子对子路说：“你为什么不说：他这个人，发愤用功，连吃饭都忘了，快乐得把一切忧虑都忘了，连自己快要老了都不知道，如此而已？”
翻译：An official in Yecheng City asked Zi Lu about Confucius. Zi Lu didn’t answer.
Confucius said to Zi Lu, “Why don’t you answer him like this: when reading, he is so absorbed as to forget to eat and so happy as to forget his anxiety and even not to realize that he is becoming older and older?”
原文：子曰：“我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。”
白话：孔子说：“我不是生来就有知识，而是爱好古代东西，并勤奋敏捷学习的人。”
翻译：Confucius said, “I’m not a person who has got knowledge before his birth but one who is fond of ancient things and quick in thought and studies them diligently.”
原文：子不语怪、力、乱、神。
白话：孔子不谈论怪异、暴力、动乱、鬼神。
翻译：Confucius never talks about monstrosities, violence, turbulence, ghosts and spirits.”
原文：子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”
白话：孔子说： “三人走路，必有人可作为我的老师。选择他的优点向他学习，找出他的缺点作为借鉴，进而自我改正。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Three people are walking. There must be someone among them who can be my teacher. I’d like to find out his strong points to learn and pick out his shortcomings to drawn on lessons from and make self-correction.”
原文：子曰：“天生德于予，桓魋其如予何？”
白话：孔子说：“上天把美德赋予了我，桓魋能把我怎么样？”
翻译：Confucius said, “The heaven bestowed virtues on me. What can Huan Kui do to me?”
原文：子曰：“二三子以我为隐乎？吾无隐乎尔！吾无行而不与二三子者，是丘也。”
白话：孔子说：“弟子们，你们以为我有什么隐瞒的吗？我没有向你们隐瞒任何事情。我没有什么事不是和你们一起做的。这就是我孔丘的为人。”
翻译：Confucius said, “You students think that I’ve hid something from you? I’ve hid nothing from you. I don’t have anything which I didn’t do together with you.
This is my behavior.”
原文：子以四教：文，行，忠，信。
白话：孔子教育有四项内容：文献、品行、忠诚、守信。
翻译：What Confucius taught included four aspects: documents, virtue, honesty and keeping promise.
原文：子曰：“圣人，吾不得而见之矣；得见君子者斯可矣。”子曰：“善人，吾不得而见之矣，得见有恒者斯可矣。亡而为有，虚而为盈，约而为泰，难乎有恒矣。”
白话：孔子说：“圣人我是不可能看到了，能看到君子，也就够可以了。”孔子又说：“善人我不可能看到了，能见到始终如一的人，也就够可以了。没有却装作有，空虚却装作充实，穷困却装作富足，这样的人很难有恒心。”
翻译：Confucius said, “It’s impossible for me to see sages. If I can see gentlemen, that’s enough.” Confucius said again, “It’s impossible for me to see kind people.
If I can see someone who can be true to himself forever, that’s enough. Have nothing, but pretend to have something. Empty, but pretend to be full. Poor,
but pretend to be rich. It’s difficult for this sort of people to keep on doing something perseveringly.”
原文：子钓而不纲，弋不射宿。
白话：孔子逮鱼只垂钓不撒网，逮鸟只射飞的不射已归巢的。
翻译：Confucius caught fish with only a hook but not a net, he shot only flying birds but not sleeping birds.
原文：子曰：“盖有不知而作之者，我无是也。多闻，择其善者而从之；多见而识之，知之次也。”
白话：孔子说：“大概有些人不了解情况就贸然行事，我不会这样。多听，选其好的方面学习；多看，都牢记在心。这种方法仅次于生而知之。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Some people act rashly without knowing concrete conditions. I don’t do anything like that. Listen more and learn from exemplary
persons; observe more and bear details in mind. This is only second to being born with knowledge.”
原文：互乡难与言，童子见，门人惑。子曰：“与其进也，不与其退也，唯何甚？人洁己以进，与其洁也，不保其往也。”
白话：互乡人，很难与他们沟通，可是那里的一名儿童却得到了孔子的接见，学生们对此迷惑不解。孔子说：“肯定他现在的进步并不等于认可他过去的错误，何必做得太过分？人家改好了，要肯定他的进步，过去的就不要再提了。”
翻译：People in Hu Xiang didn’t behave themselves well. It was difficult to exchange ideas with them. But a boy from there was granted an interview by
Confucius. His students felt perplexed about it. Confucius said, “Affirming a person’s present progress is not equal to approving his past mistakes. What’s
the need to seize on others’ mistakes? Since they’ve corrected their mistakes, we should affirm their progress but not mention their past any longer.”
原文：子曰：“仁远乎哉？我欲仁，斯仁至矣。”
白话：孔子说：“仁难道离我们很远吗？只要我想达到仁，仁就来了。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Humanity is very far from us? So long as I want humanity,and there it comes.”
原文：陈司败问：“昭公知礼乎？”孔子曰：“知礼。”孔子退，揖巫马期而进之，曰：“吾闻君子不党，君子亦党乎？君取于吴，为同姓，谓之吴孟子。君而知礼，孰不知礼？”巫马期以告，子曰：“丘也幸，苟有过，人必知之。”
白话：陈司败问：“鲁昭公知道礼吗？”孔子说：“懂得礼。”孔子出来后，陈司败向巫马其作了个揖，请他走近自己，对他说：“我听说，君子是没有偏私的，难道君子还包庇别人吗？鲁君在吴国娶了一个同姓的女子为做夫人，是国君的同姓，称她为吴孟子。如果鲁君算是知礼，还有谁不知礼呢？”巫马期把这句话告诉了孔子。孔子（承认搞错了）说：“我真是幸运。如果有错，人家一定会知道。”
翻译：Chen Sibai asked, “Does Lu Zhaogong know proprieties?” Confucius said, “Yes, he does.” After Confucius left, Chen Sibai made a bow to Wu Maqi with
hands folded in front and asked him to come near and said, “I heard that gentlemen show no partiality. Could it be said that gentlemen show partiality?
The lord of the country Lu married a woman in the country Wu. She has the same family name as his and calls her as Wu Mengtzu. If the lord of the country
Lu is considered to know proprieties, is there anyone who doesn’t know?” Wu Maqi told this to Confucius. Confucius said, “I’m lucky. If I make mistakes, others must know.”
原文：子与人歌而善，必使反之，而后和之。
白话：孔子与别人一起唱歌，如果唱得好，一定要请他再唱一遍，然后和他一起唱。
翻译：Confucius sometimes sung together with others. If he did well, he was certainly asked to repeat one more time and then others sung together with him.
原文：子曰：“文，莫吾犹人也。躬行君子，则吾未之有得。”
白话：孔子说：“就书本知识来说，大约我和别人差不多，做一个身体力行的君子，那我还没有做到。”
翻译：Confucius said, “As far as book-learning is concerned, maybe I’m about the same with others. But as for a gentleman who earnestly practices what he advocates, I’m much inferior to the standards.”
原文：子曰：“若圣与仁，则吾岂敢？抑为之不厌，诲人不倦，则可谓云尔已矣。”公西华曰：“正唯弟子不能学也。”
白话：孔子说：“如果提到圣与仁，那我怎么敢当！只不过是不停地向这两方面努力，以及孜孜不倦地教诲别人，我做的还算可以。”公西华说：“这正是我们学不到的。”
翻译：Confucius said, “As for sage and humanity, how can I deserve this? Yet, I have been constantly doing my best to approach to the two aspects. And
moreover, I’ve been assiduously teaching others. I think my behavior in this respect is not so bad.” Gong Xihua said, “This is the very thing that I can’t learn.”
原文：子疾病，子路请祷。子曰：“有诸？”子路对曰：“有之。《诔》曰：‘祷尔于上下神祇。’”子曰：“丘之祷久矣。”
白话：孔子病情严重，子路向鬼神祈祷。孔子说：“有这回事吗？”子路说：“有的。《诔》文上说：‘为你向天地神灵祈祷。’”孔子说：“我很久以来就在祈祷了。”
翻译：Confucius was seriously ill and Tzu Lu prayed for him. Confucius said, “Really?” Zi Lu said, “Yes. The text of Lei says, ‘Say prayer for you to heaven and earth, to spirits and ghosts.’” Confucius said, “I’ve long been praying.”
原文：子曰：“奢则不孙，俭则固。与其不孙也，宁固。”
白话：孔子说：“奢侈就会骄狂，节俭就会寒酸，与其骄狂，宁可寒酸。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Luxury leads arrogance. Thrifty leads shabbiness. I’d rather show shabbiness than arrogance.”
原文：子曰：“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。”
白话：孔子说：“君子总是胸怀宽广，小人总是忧愁悲伤。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Gentlemen are always openhearted, while vulgarians are always sorrowful.”
原文：子温而厉，威而不猛，恭而安。
白话：孔子温和而又严厉，威严而不凶悍，庄重而又安祥。
翻译：Confucius is gentle-natured but stern, dignified but not violent, solemn but benign.