公冶长第五
原文：子谓公冶长：“可妻也，虽在缧绁之中，非其罪也！”以其子妻之。
白话：孔子评论公冶长说：“可以把女儿嫁给他，他虽然被关在牢狱里，但这并不是他的罪过。”于是，孔子就把自己的女儿嫁给了他。
翻译： When commenting on Gongye Chang, Confucius said, “Anyone can marry his daughter to this man. Although he was in jail, yet no one can put blame on him.” Therefore, Confucius married his daughter to him.
原文：子谓南容：“邦有道不废；邦无道免于刑戮。”以其兄之子妻之。
白话：孔子评论南容说：“国家太平时，不会倒霉；国家混乱时，不会坐牢。”孔子把侄女嫁给了他。
翻译：When commenting on Nan Rong, Confucius said, “During great order across the land, he will not get into trouble; while during disorder under heaven, he will not be put into jail.” And therefore, Confucius married his niece to Nan Rong.
原文：子谓子贱：“君子哉若人！鲁无君子者，斯焉取斯？”
白话：孔子评论子贱说：“这个人真是个君子呀。如果鲁国没有君子，他是从哪里学到这种品德的呢？”
翻译：When commenting on Zl jian, Confucius said, “What a gentleman Zl Jian is! If there is no gentlemen in the country Lu, then where did he learn noble morality?”
原文：子贡问曰：“赐也何如？”子曰：“女器也。”曰：“何器也？”曰：“瑚琏也。”
白话：子贡问孔子：“我这个人怎么样？”孔子说：“你呀，好比一个器具。”子贡又问：“是什么器具呢？”孔子说：“是瑚琏。”
翻译：Zi Gong asked Confucius, “What do you think of me?” Confucius said, “You’re just like a tool.” Zi Gong asked, “What sort of tool?” Confucius said, “Hulian. (an ancient tool to contain food when offering sacrifices) ”
原文：或曰：“雍也仁而不佞。”子曰：“焉用佞？御人以口给，屡憎于人。不知其仁，焉用佞？”
白话：有人说：“冉雍这个人有仁德但不善辩。”孔子说：“何必要能言善辩呢？靠伶牙利齿和人辩论，常常招致别人的讨厌，我不知道他是不是算得上仁，但何必要有好的口才呢？”
翻译：Someone said, “Ran Yong is a noble-minded person but he’s not good at arguing.” Confucius said, “What’s the need to be good at arguing? If a person
lives on arguing with a glib tongue, he will be detested by others. I don’t know whether he can be considered noble-minded person, but what’s the need to be eloquent?”
原文：子使漆雕开仕，对曰：“吾斯之未能信。”子说。
白话：孔子让漆雕开去做官。漆雕开回答说：“我对做官这件事还没有信心。”孔子听了很高兴。
翻译：Confucius asked Qi Diaokai to seek official posts. Qi said, “I don’t have confidence in official posts.” Hearing this, Confucius was very happy.
原文：子曰：“道不行，乘桴浮于海，从我者其由与？”子路闻之喜，子曰：“由也好勇过我，无所取材。”
白话：孔子说：“如果我的主张行不通，我就乘木筏到海外去。能跟从我的大概只有仲由吧！”子路听了很高兴。孔子说：“仲由除了勇气这点超过我，其他并没有什么可取的才能。”
翻译：Confucius said, “If what I advocate isn’t workable, I’ll go to the sea by raft. Maybe only Zhong You (Zhong You is Zi Lu.) is willing to follow me.”
Hearing this Zi Lu was very delighted. But Confucius said, “Zhong You has nothing more to surpass me except for courage.”
原文：孟武伯问：“子路仁乎？”子曰：“不知也。”又问，子曰：“由也，千乘之国，可使治其赋也，不知其仁也。”“求也何如？”子曰：“求也，千室之邑、百乘之家，可使为之宰也，不知其仁也。”“赤也何如？”子曰：“赤也，束带立于朝，可使与宾客言也，不知其仁也。”
白话：孟武伯问：“子路达到仁的标准了吗？”孔子说：“不知道。”又问。孔子说：“子路可以在拥有一千辆兵车的国家中，做兵役和军政方面的事，不知他仁否。”又问：“冉求怎样？”孔子说：“冉求可以在拥有千户人口的县份做长官，在百辆兵车的封地做总管，不知他仁否。”“公西赤怎样？”孔子说：“公西赤穿着礼服，立于朝廷中，可以叫他接待宾客，办理交涉事务，不知他是仁否。”
翻译：Meng Wubo asked, “Is Zi Lu up to the standards of humanity?” Confucius said, “I don’t know.” Meng Wubo asked again. The master said, “Zhong You
can be a general. But I don’t know whether he is up to the standard of humanity.”“What do you think of Ran Qiu?” Confucius said, “Ran Qiu can be a mayor.
But I don’t know whether he is up to the standard of humanity.” “What do you think of Gongxi Chi?” Confucius said, “Gongxi Chi can be a foreign minister. But I don’t know whether he is up to the standard of humanity.”
原文：子谓子贡曰：“女与回也孰愈？”对曰：“赐也何敢望回？回也闻一以知十，赐也闻一以知二。”子曰：“弗如也，吾与女弗如也！”
白话：孔子对子贡说：“你和颜回两个相比，谁更好一些呢？”子贡回答说：“我怎么敢和颜回相比呢？颜回他听到一件事就可以推知十件事；我呢，听到一件事，只能推知两件事。”孔子说：“你是不如他呀，我同意你说的，就是不如他。”
翻译：Confucius said to Zi Gong, “You and Yan Hui, who is better?” Zi Gong replied, “How dare I compare myself with Yan Hui? Yan Hui can know ten events
on the basis of knowing one event. But I can know two events on the basis of knowing one event.” Confucius said, “You are not so good as Yan Hui. I agree with you. You are really not good as him.”
原文：宰予昼寝，子曰：“朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可朽也，于予与何诛？”子曰：“始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。于予与改是。”
白话：宰予白天睡觉。孔子说：“腐朽的木头无法雕刻，粪土垒的墙壁无法粉刷。对于宰予这个人，责备还有什么用呢？”孔子说：“起初我对于人，是听了他说的话便相信了他的行为；现在我对于人，听了他讲的话还要观察他的行为。在宰予这里我改变了观察人的方法。”
翻译：Zai Yu sleeps in the day time. Confucius said, “Rotten wood can not be carved. Walls which are built with dirt can not white-washed. What’s the use
to reproach him?” Confucius said, “At the beginning, I believed a person’s action after I heard his words. But now I’ll observe his action after I hear his words.
Zai Yu made me change my way to observe people.”
原文：子曰：“吾未见刚者。”或对曰：“申枨。”子曰：“枨也欲，焉得刚。”
白话：孔子说：“我没有见过刚强的人。”有人回答说：“申枨就是刚强的。”孔子说：“申枨这个人欲望太多，怎么能刚强呢？”
翻译：Confucius said, “I’ve never seen anyone firm and unyielding.” Someone said, “Shen Cheng is firm and unyielding.” Confucius said, “Sheng Cheng has too many desires, how can he be firm and unyielding?”
原文：子贡曰：“我不欲人之加诸我也，吾亦欲无加诸人。”子曰：“赐也，非尔所及也。”
白话：子贡说：“我不愿被迫做自己不愿做的事，我也不愿强迫别人去做不愿做的事。”孔子说：“赐呀，这不是你能做到的。”
翻译：Zi Gong said, “I’m unwilling to be forced to do what I don’t want to. I’m also unwilling to force others to do what they don’t want to.” Confucius said, “Ci, this isn’t what you can manage.”
原文：子贡曰：“夫子之文章，可得而闻也；夫子之言性与天道，不可得而闻也。”
白话：子贡说：“老师讲授的文章，依靠耳闻是能够学到的；但老师讲授的人性和天道的理论，依靠耳闻是不能够学到的。”
翻译：Zi Gong said, “What you teach in your articles can be grasped by listening, but the theories on human’s nature and heaven’s doctrines cannot be grasped by listening.”
原文：子路有闻，未之能行，唯恐有闻。
白话：子路在听到一条道理但没有能亲自实行的时候，惟恐又听到新的道理。
翻译：Whenever Zi Lu hears a theory but cannot put it into practice, he is afraid to hear any other new ones.
原文：子贡问曰：“孔文子何以谓之文也？”子曰：“敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之文也。”
白话：子贡问道：“为什么给孔文子一个‘文’的谥号呢？”孔子说：“他聪敏好学，不以向地位卑下的人请教为耻，所以给他谥号叫‘文’。”
翻译：Zi Gong asked, “Why was Kong Wenzi given a posthumous title Wen?”Confucius said, “He was intelligent and diligent and did not consider it disgraceful to learn from persons in humble position.”
原文：子谓子产：“有君子之道四焉：其行己也恭，其事上也敬，其养民也惠，其使民也义。”
白话：孔子评论子产时说他有君子的四种道德：“他自己行为庄重，他事奉君主恭敬，他爱护百姓施与恩惠，他役使百姓有法度。”
翻译：When commenting on Zi Chan, Confucius said that he had four noble characters, “He conducts himself sedately, serves his lord respectfully and cherishes people by bestowing favor.”
原文：子曰：“晏平仲善与人交，久而敬之。”
白话：孔子说：“晏平仲善于和人交朋友，相识久了，别人十分尊敬他。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Yan Pingzhong is good at making friends with others. Knowing each other as time goes on, he is respected by others.”
原文：子曰：“臧文仲居蔡，山节藻棁，何如其知也？”
白话：孔子说：“臧文仲建造自己的宗庙，房顶呈拱形，柱子上画着水草图案，庙内藏着大龟，像天子的宗庙一样，这怎么算明智？”
翻译：Confucius said, “Zang Wenzhong built a temple with an arched roof and columns were painted with a design of water plants. And moreover, a big tortoise
was hidden in the temple which was just like a shrine of the lord. How can he be considered wise?”
原文：子张问曰：“令尹子文三仕为令尹，无喜色，三已之无愠色，旧令尹之政必以告新令尹，何如？”子曰：“忠矣。”曰：“仁矣乎？”曰：“未知，焉得仁？”“崔子弑齐君，陈文子有马十乘，弃而违之。至于他邦，则曰：‘犹吾大夫崔子也。’违之。之一邦，则又曰：‘犹吾大夫崔子也。’违之，何如？”子曰：“清矣。”曰：“仁矣乎？”曰：“未知，焉得仁？”
白话：子张问：“子文三次做宰相，都没感到高兴；三次被罢免，也都没感到委屈。卸任前，总是认真地办理交接事宜，这样做怎么样？”孔子说：“算忠。”问：“算仁吗？”答：“不知道，哪里谈得上仁？”又问：“崔子杀了齐庄公，陈文子抛弃家产跑了。到了另一国，他说：‘这里的大夫同崔子一样。’又跑了。再到一国，再说：‘他们同崔子一样。’再跑了。怎样？”孔子说：“算清高了。”问：“算仁吗？”答：“不知道，哪里谈得上仁？”
翻译：Zi Zhang asked, “Zi Wen served as premier three times, but he was never happy, and he was dismissed from office three times, he never felt wronged.
Moreover, before he was relieved of his office, he was very careful to handle the matter relating handing over and taking over. What do you think of it?”
Confucius said, “Quite loyal.” Zi Zhang asked again, “Can it be considered humanity?” Confucius replied, “I don’t know. It’s quite out of the question of
humanity, isn’t it?” Zi Zhang asked again, “Cui Zi killed Qi Zhuanggong, Chen WenZi abandoned his family property and ran away. Whenever getting into
another country, he used to say, ‘The officials here are just the same as Cui Zi.’ Again, he ran away. After getting into another country, he said once more,
‘The officials here are just the same as Cui Zi.’ And then he ran away again. What do you think of it?” Confucius said, “He is really above politics and worldly
interests.” Zi Zhang asked, “Can it be considered humanity?” Confucius said, “I don’t know. It’s quite out of the question of humanity, isn’t it?”
原文：季文子三思而后行，子闻之曰：“再斯可矣。”
白话：季文子每做一件事都要考虑多次。孔子听到了，说：“考虑两次也就行了。”
翻译：Before doing anything, Ji WenZi always thinks over it again and again. Learning this, Confucius said, “Think twice. That’s enough.”
原文：子曰：“宁武子，邦有道则知，邦无道则愚。其知可及也，其愚不可及也。”
白话：孔子说：“宁武子这个人，当国家太平时，他就显得聪明，当国家混乱时，他就装傻。他的那种聪明别人可以做得到，他的那种装傻别人就做不到了。
翻译：Confucius said, “You know Ji Wutzu. When the country is in great order, he seems very clever. When the country is in great disorder, he would pretend
to be very stupid. As far as his cleverness is concerned, everyone can catch up with him, but as for his stupidity, no one can reach him.”
原文：子在陈，曰：“归与！归与！吾党之小子狂简，斐然成章，不知所以裁之。”
白话：孔子在陈国说：“回去吧！回去吧！家乡的学生们志大才疏，不过文采斐然，真不知该怎么指导他们。”
翻译：Confucius said in the country Chen, “Go back! Go back! The students in my hometown have great ambition but little talent. Yet their writings have rich and bright colors. I really don’t know how to guide them.”
原文：子曰：“伯夷、叔齐不念旧恶，怨是用希。”
白话：孔子说：“伯夷、叔齐不记仇，别人对他们的怨恨也就少。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Bo Yi and Shu Qi don’t bear grudges, so they are seldom hated by others.”
原文：子曰：“孰谓微生高直？或乞醯焉，乞诸其邻而与之。”
白话：孔子说：“谁说微生高性格直率？有人向他要点醋，他都不直说没有，还暗地到他邻居讨点给人家。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Who said Wei Shenggao is frank? Someone asked him for some vinegar, he didn’t say frankly that he had none and moreover he stealthily asked his neighbor for some and then gave it to that man.”
原文：子曰：“巧言、令色、足恭，左丘明耻之，丘亦耻之。匿怨而友其人，左丘明耻之，丘亦耻之。”
白话：孔子说：“花言巧语、皮笑肉不笑、点头哈腰，左丘明认为可耻，我也认为可耻；心怀怨恨跟人交朋友，左丘明认为可耻，我也认为可耻。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Saying honey words, putting on a false smile, nodding and bowing, Zuo Qiuming considers all these things shameful. So do I. Making
friends with others but harboring resentment at the same time, Zuo Qiuming considers it shameful. So do I.”
原文：颜渊、季路侍，子曰：“盍各言尔志？”子路曰：“愿车马、衣轻裘与朋友共，敝之而无憾。”颜渊曰：“愿无伐善，无施劳。”子路曰：“愿闻子之志。”子曰：“老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。”
白话：颜渊、子路两人侍立在孔子身边。孔子说：“你们何不各自说说自己的志向？”子路说：“愿与朋友共同分享我的车马和皮袍，用坏了也不抱怨。”颜渊说： “但愿能做到不夸耀优点、不表白功劳。”子路说：“您的愿望呢？”孔子说：“但愿老人能享受安乐，朋友能够信任我，少儿能得到关怀。”
翻译：With Yan Yuan and Zi Lu standing by in attendance, Confucius said, “Why don’t you say something about your ideals?” Zi Lu said, “I’d like to let my friends
share my carriage, horse and fir coat. Even if all these are worn out, I don’t have any complains.” Yan Yuan said, “I’d like not to boast of my strong points, not to publicize my merits.” Zi Lu said to Confucius, “I’d like to know your ideal.”
Confucius said, “I’d like to see that the aged can enjoy ease and comfort, the young can get every concern, and friends have trust in me.”
原文：子曰：“已矣乎！吾未见能见其过而内自讼者也。”
白话：孔子说：“这个社会完了！我没见过既知道自己有错，又能自我批评的人。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Finished! I’ve never seen anyone who not only knows hisown mistakes but also criticizes himself.”
原文：子曰：“十室之邑，必有忠信如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。”
白话：孔子说：“即使只有十户人家的小村子，也一定有像我这样讲忠信的人，只是不如我那样好学罢了。”
翻译：Confucius said, “Even in a small village with only ten families, there are certainly someone like me who pays much attention to honesty. Only they don’t love study as I do.”