八佾篇第三
原文：孔子谓季氏:“八佾舞于庭，是可忍也，孰不可忍也?”
白话：孔子谈到季氏时说，“他在庭院中大跳六十四人舞，这样的事如果都能容忍，那还有什么不可容忍的呢？”
英 译：Confucius talked about Ji, “He asked sixty-four people to dance in his own courtyard. (An official of low rank like him should not give a dance on such a large scale.) If this can be tolerated, what cannot?”
原文：三家者以《雍》彻,子曰：“‘相维辟公，天子穆穆’，奚取于三家之堂？”
白话：三大家族在祭祖结束时，大唱《雍》歌。孔子说：“‘诸侯辅助，天子肃穆’，这样的歌词怎能在这三家的庙堂里唱？”
英 译：After offering sacrifices to their ancestors, the three families ask musicians to sing Yong. Confucius said, “ ‘The emperor solemnly officiates at sacrificial
rites, while the lords should be assistants.’ How can Yong be sung in these three families’ temples?”
原文：子曰：“人而不仁，如礼何？人而不仁，如乐何？”
白话：孔子说：“一个人缺乏仁德，他怎么能实行礼呢？一个人缺乏仁德，他怎么能运用乐呢？”
英 译：Confucius said, “If a person lacks humanity and virtue, how can he correctly put proprieties into practice? If a person lacks humanity and virtue, how can he correctly use music?”
原文：林放问礼之本,子曰：“大哉问！礼，与其奢也，宁俭；丧，与其易也，宁戚。”
白话：林放问什么是礼的根本。孔子回答说：“你提的问题意义重大，就礼节仪式的一般情况而言，与其奢侈，不如节俭；就丧事而言，与其仪式上治办周备，不如内心真正哀伤。”
英 译：Lin Fang asked about the basic things of proprieties. Confucius said, “The questions you put forward are most important! As far as proprieties are concerned, generally speaking, they should be thrifty rather than extravagant.
As for funeral affairs, true inner sorrow are more valuable than comprehensive rites.”
原文：子曰：“夷狄之有君，不如诸夏之亡也。”
白话：孔子说：“落后的夷狄虽然有君主，还不如中原诸国没有君主呢。”
英 译：Confucius said, “The backward foreign countries also have their own lords, but their governance is not so good as the countries in central China who, even if, have no lords.”
原文：季氏旅于泰山。子谓冉有曰：“女弗能救与？”对曰：“不能。”子曰：“呜呼！曾谓泰山不如林放乎？”
白话：季孙氏去祭祀泰山。孔子对冉有说：“你难道不能劝阻他吗？”冉有说：“不能。”孔子说：“唉！难道说泰山神还不如林放知礼吗？”
英 译：Ji Sun went to offer sacrifices to Mt. Tai. Confucius said to Ran You, “Can’t you dissuade him?” Replied, “No, I can’t.” Confucius said, “Alas! Could it be said that Mt. Tai is inferior to Lin Fang?”
原文：子曰：“君子无所争，必也射乎！揖让而升，下而饮。其争也君子。”
白话：孔子说：“君子没有什么可与别人相争的事情。如果有的话，那就是射箭比赛。比赛时，先相互作揖谦让，然后上场。射完后，又相互作揖再退下来，然后登堂喝酒。这就是君子之争。”
英 译：Confucius said, “Gentlemen have nothing to compete with others. If they have, it must be the archery competition. During an archery competition, each
side makes a bow first to the other side with hands folded in front and then steps forward. After competition, each side makes a bow again to the other
side with hands folded and then walks out and finally sits in the hall drinking wine. This is the competition between gentlemen.”
原文：子夏问曰：“‘巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮，素以为绚兮’何谓也？”子曰：“绘事后素。”曰：“礼后乎？”子曰：“起予者商也，始可与言《诗》已矣。”
白 话：子夏问孔子：“‘笑得真好看啊，美丽的眼睛真明亮啊，用素粉来打扮啊。’这几句话是什么意思呢？”孔子说：“这是说先有白底然后画画。”子夏又问：“那么，是不是说礼也是后来出现的事呢？”孔子说：“商，你真是能启发我的人，现在可以同你讨论《诗经》了。”
英 译：Zi Xia asked Confucius, “ ‘What a nice smiling face! What a pair of beautiful bright eyes! Dress up with plain face powder’. What do these sentences mean? ”
Confucius said, “Make a white background and then paint.” Zi Xia said, “Does it mean that proprieties also something coming late?” Confucius said, “Shang,
you’re really skillful to enlighten me. Now I can start discussing The Book of Songs with you.”
原文：子曰：“夏礼吾能言之，杞不足征也；殷礼吾能言之，宋不足征也。文献不足故也，足则吾能征之矣。”
白话：孔子说：“夏朝的礼，我能说清楚，杞国不足以让我证明它；商朝的礼，我能说清楚，宋国不足以让我证明它。这都是因为文献不足，否则，我就能证明了。”
英 译：Confucius said, “I can explain or elaborate the proprieties of Xia Dynasty, but its continuator Ji is not enough for me to prove it. I can explain or elaborate
the proprieties of Yin Dynasty, but its continuator Song is not enough for me to prove it. It’s because that there are not enough materials. Otherwise, I can prove them.”
原文：子曰：“禘自既灌而往者，吾不欲观之矣。”
白话：孔子说：“对于行禘礼的仪式，从第一次献酒以后，我就不愿意看了。”
英 译：Confucius said, “As for the grand Di ceremonies held by the lords to offer sacrifices to ancestors, I have already been unwilling to watch them ever since the first time to offer wine.”
原文：或问禘之说。子曰：“不知也。知其说者之于天下也，其如示诸斯乎！”指其掌。
白话：有人问孔子关于举行禘祭的规定。孔子说：“我不知道。知道这种规定的人，对治理天下的事，就会像把这东西摆在这里一样吧！”孔子指着自己的手掌。
英 译：Someone asked Confucius about the rules to hold Di ceremonies. Confucius said, “I don’t know. As far as the persons are concerned who know these rules,
they are probably just like me to put it here.” While saying, he pointed his palm.
原文：祭如在，祭神如神在。子曰：“吾不与祭，如不祭。”
白话：祭祀祖先就像祖先真在面前，祭神就像神真在面前。孔子说：“我如果不参加祭祀，那就如同没有祭祀一样。”
英 译：Offer sacrifices to ancestors as if the ancestors are really right here; offer sacrifices to gods as if the gods are really right here. Confucius said, “It seems that it can’t be a ceremony without my presence.”
原文：王孙贾问曰：“‘与其媚于奥，宁媚于灶’，何谓也？”子曰：“不然，获罪于天，无所祷也。”
白话：王孙贾问道：“有人说与其奉承奥神，不如奉承灶神。这话是什么意思？”孔子说：“不对。如果你冒犯上天，怎么祈祷也没用。”
英 译：Wang Sungu asked, “People say that fawning on room god is not so good as fawning on kitchen god. What does it mean?” Confucius said, “No, this saying
doesn’t make sense. If you offend the heaven, it makes no difference no matter how you pray.”
原文：子曰：“周监于二代，郁郁乎文哉！吾从周。”
白话：孔子说：“周朝的礼仪制度借鉴于夏、商二代，是多么丰富多彩啊。我遵从周朝的制度。”
英 译：Confucius said, “The rite system of Zhou was made by drawing lessons from the two dynasties of Xia and Shang. How rich it is! I’d like to follow Zhou’s system.”
原文：子入太庙，每事问。或曰：“孰谓鄹人之子知礼乎？入太庙，每事问。”子闻之，曰：“是礼也。”
白话：孔子到了太庙，每件事都要问。有人说：“谁说此人懂得礼呀，他到了太庙里，什么事都要问别人。”孔子听到此话后说：“这就是礼呀！”
英 译：Whenever entering the temple of the lord’s ancestors, Confucius would ask questions about everything. Someone said, “Who says that this person knows
proprieties? Whenever he enters the temple of the lord’s ancestors, he consults others about everything.” Learning this, Confucius said, “This is in itself a sort of propriety.”
原文：子曰：“射不主皮，为力不同科，古之道也。”
白话：孔子说：“比赛射箭，不在于穿透靶子，因为各人的力气大小不同。自古以来就是这样。”
英 译：Confucius said, “When one shooting an arrow, the key point to judge one’s performce doesn’t lie in whether or not he shoots through the target because
people are different in physical strength. It’s always been so since ancient times.”
原文：子贡欲去告朔之饩羊，子曰：“赐也！尔爱其羊，我爱其礼。”
白话：子贡提出赦免每月初一祭祖的活羊。孔子说： “赐，你爱惜那只羊，我却爱惜那种礼。”
英 译：Zi Gong suggested that alive sheep not be killed when holding the ceremony of offering sacrifices in the temple of the lord’s ancestors on the first day of
each month. Confucius said, “Ci ( i.e.Zi Gong), you care for the sheep, but I treasure the proprieties.”
原文：子曰：“事君尽礼，人以为谄也。”
白话：孔子说：“我完全按周礼事奉君主，别人却以为这是诌媚呢。”
英 译：Confucius said, “I serve the lord completely according to the proprieties of Zhou Dynasty, but people think I toady the lord.”
原文：定公问：“君使臣，臣事君，如之何？”孔子对曰：“君使臣以礼，臣事君以忠。”
白话：鲁定公问孔子：“君主怎样使唤臣下，臣子怎样事奉君主呢？”孔子回答说：“君主应该按照礼的要求去使唤臣子，臣子应该以忠来事奉君主。”
英 译：Duke Ding of Lu (i.e. the lord of the country Lu) asked, “How does a lord order his courtiers and how do the courtiers serve their lord?” Confucius said, “A lord gives orders to his courtiers according to the proprieties while the courtiers serve their lord with loyalty.”
原文：子曰：“《关睢》，乐而不淫，哀而不伤。”
白话：孔子说：“《关雎》这篇诗，快乐而不放荡，哀痛而不悲伤。”
英 译：Confucius said, “The poem Guan Ju is joyful but never unrestrained; depressed but not sorrowful.”
原文：哀公问社于宰我，宰我对曰：“夏后氏以松，殷人以柏，周人以栗，曰使民战栗。”子闻之，曰：“成事不说，遂事不谏，既往不咎。”白话：鲁哀公问宰我祭祀土地神的事。宰我回答说：“夏朝用松树，商朝用柏树，周朝用栗树。用栗树就是使老百姓战栗。”孔子听后说：“已经做过的事不用提了，已经完成的事不用再去规劝了，已经过去的事也不必再追究了。”
英 译：Duke Ai of Lu asked Zai Wo about how to offer sacrifices to the Village God. Zai Wo said, “Xia Dynasty used pine trees; Shang Dynasty used cypress
trees; and Zhou Dynasty used chestnut trees. Chestnut trees means to make people trembling.” On hearing this, Confucius said, “We’d better not mention
what has been done, not criticize what has been finished, and not go into past misdeeds.”
子曰：“管仲之器小哉！”或曰：“管仲俭乎？”曰：“管仲有三归，官事不摄，焉得俭？”“然则管仲知礼乎？”曰：“邦君树塞门，管氏亦树塞门；邦君为两君之好，有反坫。管氏亦有反坫，管氏而知礼，孰不知礼？”
白话：孔子说：“管仲这个人的器量真是狭小呀！”有人说：“管仲节俭吗？”孔子说：“他有三处藏金处，就连管家都实行专责制，这怎么谈得上节俭呢？”那人又问：“那么管仲知礼吗？”孔子回答：“国君大门口修建影壁，管仲在大门口也修建照壁。国君同别国国君会见时在堂上有放空酒杯的设备，管仲也有这样的设备。如果说管仲知礼，那么还有谁不知礼呢？”
英 译：Confucius said, “What a narrow-minded person Guan Zhong is!” Someone asked, “Is he thrifty?” Confucius said, “Guan Zhong has three places to hide
his money. Even his butlers undertake specific responsibility. How can it be considered thrift?” The person asked again, “Does Guan Zhong know rules of
proprieties?” Confucius said, “The lord has a screen wall at the gate. So does he. The lord has a special earth terrace on which to put empty wine-cup, so
does he. If Guan Zhong knows the rules of proprieties, who doesn’t know?”
原文：子语鲁大师乐，曰：“乐其可知也。始作，翕如也；从之，纯如也，皦如也，绎如也，以成。”
白话：孔子对鲁国乐官谈论演奏音乐的道理说：“奏乐的道理是可以知道的：开始演奏，各种乐器合奏，声音繁美；继续展开下去，悠扬悦耳，音阶分明，连续不断，最后完成。”
英 译：Confucius talked the principles of music playing to the musicians of the Country Lu, “The principles of music playing are understandable: at the
beginning, you do an instrumental ensemble and the sound is nice; then go on your playing, the sound is melodious, and the scales are distinct. Play ceaselessly, and finally, your playing comes to an end.”
原文：仪封人请见，曰：“君子之至于斯也，吾未尝不得见也。”从者见之。出曰：“二三子何患于丧乎？天下之无道也久矣，天将以夫子为木铎。”
白话：仪的地方官求见孔子，说：“凡是君子到这里来，我从来没有见不到的。”孔子的随从学生引他去见了孔子。他出来后说：“诸位何愁没官可做呢？天下无道已经很久了，上天将以孔夫子为圣人来号令天下。”
英 译：A local official in Yi asked to see Confucius, saying, “Whenever a gentleman comes here, I’ve never failed to see him.” A student of Confucius’ led him to
see the master. When coming out, he said, “No reasons for you to worry about having no opportunities to be officials. Heaven looks upon Confucius as a sage
and let him to lead the people.”
原文：子谓《韶》：“尽美矣，又尽善也。”谓《武》：“尽美矣，未尽善也。”
白话：孔子讲到“韶”这一乐舞时说：“艺术形式美极了，内容也很好。”谈到“武”这一乐舞时说：“艺术形式很美，但内容却差一些。”
英 译：When talking the dance named Shao, Confucius said, “Its artistic form is extremely beautiful and its contents are also excellent.” While talking the dance
named Wu, he said, “Its artistic form is very beautiful, but its contents are not so good.”
原文：子曰：“居上不宽，为礼不敬，临丧不哀，吾何以观之哉？”
白话：孔子说：“居于执政地位的人，不能宽厚待人，行礼的时候不严肃，参加丧礼时也不悲哀，这种情况我怎么能看得下去呢？”
英 译：Confucius said, “Some higher officials cannot treat people generously, fail to take part in ceremonies solemnly and show no sorrow when participatingin funerals. How can I tolerate them?”