为政篇第二
原文：子曰：“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。”
白 话：孔子说：“以道德教化治理政务，就会像北极星那样，居于它的方位，并有群星环绕在周围。”
英 译：Confucius said, “If governing a country by education in morality, a lord will be like the Big Dipper which is located in its orientation with all stars around it.”
原文：子曰：“《诗》三百，一言以蔽之，曰：‘思无邪’。”
白 话：孔子说：“《诗经》三百首，用一句话来概括它，就是‘思想纯正’。”
英 译：Confucius said, “Having 300 poems, Poems could be generalized into one sentence: its thought is pure.”
原文：子曰：“道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻。道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。”
白 话：孔子说：“用行政命令去引导百姓，使用刑法来约束他们，他们就只会设法避免因犯罪而受惩罚，但却失去廉耻之心；用道德教化引导百姓，使用礼制去统一百姓的言行，百姓不仅会有羞耻之心，而且还会因此而守法。”
英 译：Confucius said, “If a lord guides his people with orders and restrains them with penal law, the people will only try to avoid punishment caused by crimes
but will lose sense of shame. Yet, if a lord guides his people by education in morality and uses proprieties to make his people’s words and deeds kept in
line, then the people will not only have a sense of shame but also try to abide by rules.”
原文：子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”
白 话：孔子曰：“我十五岁有志于学问；三十岁（懂得了礼仪）自立于社会；四十岁掌握了各种知识，不为外界所迷惑；五十岁懂得天命，思想开窍；六十岁明辨是非，七十岁随心所欲而不越轨。”
英 译：Confucius said, “I was determined to study at the age of fifteen, scored some achievements at thirty, no longer felt puzzled at forty, was enlightened
at fifty, could distinguish between truth and falsehood at sixty, could do as I liked without overstepping usual practice at seventy.”
原文：孟懿子问孝，子曰：“无违。”樊迟御，子告之曰：“孟孙问孝于我，我对曰‘无违’。”樊迟曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“生，事之以礼；
白 话：孟懿子问什么是孝，孔子说：“孝就是不要违背礼。”后来樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他：“孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。”樊迟说：“不要违背礼是什么意思呢？”孔子说：“父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母去世后，要按礼埋葬他们，祭祀他们。”
英 译：Meng Yizi asked about filial devotion, Confucius said, “Filial devotion means not going against standards of morality.” Later on, Fan Chi drove carriage for
Confucius, Confucius told him: “Meng Yizi asked me what filial devotion is. I told him that filial devotion means not going against standards of morality.”
Fan Chi said, “What do you mean by not going against standards of morality?” Confucius said, “When parents are alive, you should serve them according
to standards of morality; when they pass away, you should bury them and offer sacrifices to them according to standards of morality.”
原文：孟武伯问孝。子曰：“父母唯其疾之忧。”
白 话：孟武伯向孔子请教孝道。孔子说：“对父母，要特别为他们的疾病担忧。”
英 译：Meng Wubo asking questions about filial devotion, Confucius said, “The key point is that you should especially be concerned about your parents’ illness.”
原文：子游问孝。子曰：“今之孝者，是谓能养。至于犬马皆能有养；不敬，何以别乎？”
白 话：子游问什么是孝，孔子说：“如今所谓的孝，只是说能够赡养父母就够了。然而，即便是犬马也都能够得到饲养。因此，不强调尊敬父母这一点，那么赡养父母与饲养犬马又有什么区别呢？”
英 译：Zi You asked about filial devotion, Confucius said, “The so called filial devotion nowadays only means to support or feed parents. But even dogs
and horses can do the same. So, if we don’t emphasize the necessity of respecting parents, then what’s the difference between providing for parents and raising dogs and horses?”
原文：子夏问孝。子曰：“色难。有事，弟子服其劳；有酒食，先生馔，曾是以为孝乎？”
白 话：子夏问什么是孝，孔子说：“对父母和颜悦色最难做到，仅仅是有事情，儿女替父母去做，有酒饭，让父母享用，这难道就能被认为是孝吗？”
英 译：Zi Xia asking about filial devotion, Confucius said, “The most difficult thing is to treat parents happily and kindly. If having something to do, you can do it for them; if having food and wine, you let them enjoy. Could it be said that
it is considered filial devotion to parents?”
原文：子曰：“吾与回言终日，不违，如愚。退而省其私，亦足以发，回也不愚。”
白 话：孔子说：“我给颜回讲学，他一天到晚从不提反对意见，像个蠢人。等他退下之后，
我考察他私下的言论，发现他对我所讲授的内容有所发挥，可见颜回其实并不蠢。”
英 译：Confucius said, “When I taught Yan Hui, he never had any objections all day long just like a fool. But after he left, I examined his private words and
found he had developed what I’d taught him. Therefore, he is not foolish at all.”
原文：子曰：“视其所以，观其所由，察其所安，人焉廋哉？人焉廋哉？”
白 话：孔子说：“要了解一个人，应看他言行的动机，观察他所走的路，考察他所安心做的事，如果这样，这个人怎么能隐蔽得了呢？这个人怎么能隐蔽得了呢？”
英 译：Confucius said, “If you want to know a person, you should analyze the motives of his words and deeds, observe the way he takes and examine what he is up to with ease of mind. If so, how can a person cover up himself? How
can a person cover up himself?”
原文：子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。”
白 话：孔子说：“在温习旧知识时，能有新体会，你就可以当老师了。”
英 译：Confucius said, “Restudy the old to obtain the new insight. Then you can be a teacher.”
原文：子曰：“君子不器。”
白 话：孔子说：“君子不像器具那样，只有某方面的用途。”
英 译：Confucius said, “Gentlemen are not like tools, each of which only has a certain use.”
白 话：子贡问关于君子的事。孔子说：“你如果有话要说，那就先做后说。”
英 译：Zi Gong asked about gentlemen. Confucius said, “If you have something to say, you should put them into practice first and then say it.”
原文：子曰：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。”
白 话：孔子说：“君子团结民众而不结党营私，小人结党营私而不团结民众。”
英 译：Confucius said, “Gentlemen unite the masses but don’t gang up for selfish purpose. While shameless men gang up for selfish purpose but don’t unite the masses.”
原文：子曰：“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。”
白 话：孔子说：“只读书学习，而不思考问题，就会糊里糊涂而没有收获；只空想而不读书学习，就会因疑惑而犹豫不决。”
英 译：Confucius said, “Only study but not think, you’ll be perplexed without any gains; only indulge in idle dreams but not study, you’ll suffer from misgivings and hesitate all the time.”
原文：子曰：“攻乎异端，斯害也已！”
白 话：孔子说：“批驳邪说，祸害也就被消除了。”
英 译：Confucius said, “By refuting heresy, misfortune will be eliminated.”
原文：子曰：“由，诲女知之乎！知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”
白 话：孔子说：“由，我教给你的东西，明白了吗？知道就是知道，不知道就是不知道，这就是智慧啊！”
英 译：Confucius said, “You, do you understand what I have taught you? If you do, say yes; otherwise, just say no. This is wisdom.”
原文：子张学干禄。子曰：“多闻阙疑，慎言其余，则寡尤；多见阙殆，慎行其余，则寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，禄在其中矣。”
白 话：子张要学谋取官职的办法。孔子说：“要多听，有怀疑的地方先放在一旁不说，其余有把握的，也要谨慎地说出来，这样就可以少犯错误；要多看，有怀疑的地方先放在一旁不做，其余有把握的，也要谨慎地去做，就能减少后悔。说话少过失，做事少后悔，官职俸禄就在这里了。”
英 译：Zi Zhang wanted to learn the way of seeking official posts. Confucius said, “Listen more and put aside what you doubt about. As for the rest which you
are sure of, you should speak them out cautiously. Doing so, you can make fewer mistakes. Observe more and put aside what you doubt about. As for the
rest which you are sure of, you should do them cautiously. Doing so, you can reduce the possibility of feeling regret. When speaking, you make fewer
mistakes; when doing, you seldom feel regret. Then the official posts are lying in here.”
原文：哀公问曰：“何为则民服？”孔子对曰：“举直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服。”
白 话：鲁哀公问：“怎样才能使百姓服气呢？”孔子回答说：“把正直无私的人提拔起来，把邪恶不正的人置于一旁，老百姓就会服气了；把邪恶不正的人提拔起来，把正直无私的人置于一旁，老百姓就不会服气了。”
英 译：The Lord Ai asked, “How to convince people?” Confucius said, “Promote honest people and give shameless ones a cold shoulder. This can make people heartily convinced. Otherwise they won’t be.”
原文：季康子问：“使民敬、忠以劝，如之何？”子曰：“临之以庄，则敬；孝慈，则忠；举善而教不能，则劝。”
白 话：季康子问道：“要想获得百姓的敬重，并能使他们尽忠勤勉，该怎么做呢？”孔子说：“你用庄重的态度对待百姓，他们就会敬重你；你有一颗孝顺仁慈之心，百姓就会尽忠于你；你选用好人，又教育能力差的人，百姓就会勤勉。”
英 译：Ji Kangzi asked, “How to make people respect me with loyalty and work diligently?” Confucius said, “if you treat people in a solemn manner, they will
respect you with loyalty; if you show filial devotion to your parents and kindness to others, people will be loyal to you; if you choose and use kind persons, educate less capable ones, people will work diligently.”
原文：或谓孔子曰：“子奚不为政？”子曰：“《书》云：‘孝乎惟孝，友于兄弟，施于有政。’是亦为政，奚其为为政？”
白 话：有人对孔子说：“你为什么不从事政治呢？”孔子回答说：“《尚书》说，‘孝就是孝敬父母，友爱兄弟。’把这孝悌的道理施于政事，也就是从事政治，这种做法为什么就不算为政呢？”
英 译：Someone asked Confucius, “Why aren’t you engaged in politics?” Confucius replied: “Book of History said, ‘Being filial means to show filial devotion to
parents, while being friendly means to show friendship to brothers.’ Putting the principle of filialness and friendship into political affairs is to be engaged in
politics. Why can’t this action be considered as engaged in politics?”
原文：子曰：“人而无信，不知其可也。大车无輗，小车无軏，其何以行之哉？”
白 话：孔子说：“为人而不讲信用，不知道怎么可以。就好像大车没有輗、小车没有軏一样，它靠什么行走呢？”
英 译：Confucius said, “Breaking one’s own word is absolutely what one should not do. How can ox carts move without big or small wooden latches? ”
原文：子张问：“十世可知也？”子曰：“殷因于夏礼，所损益，可知也；周因于殷礼，所损益，可知也。其或继周者，虽百世，可知也。”
白 话：子张问孔子：“今后十世的礼仪制度可以预先知道吗？”孔子回答说：“商朝继承了夏朝的礼仪制度，所减少和所增加的内容是可以知道的；周朝又继承商朝的礼仪制度，所废除的和所增加的内容也是可以知道的。将来有继承周朝的，就是一百世以后的情况，也是可以预料的。”
英 译：Zi Zhang asked Confucius, “Can we anticipate the rite systems of the next ten dynasties?” Confucius replied: “Shang Dynasty inherited the rite systems of Xia Dynasty, and additions and deletions could be anticipated; Zhou Dynasty inherited the rite systems of Shang Dynasty, additions and deletions could also be anticipated. There must have dynasties in the future which inherit Zhou
Dynasty and their conditions can certainly be anticipated even after a hundreddynasties.”
原文：子曰：“非其鬼而祭之，谄也；见义不为，无勇也。”
白 话：孔子说：“不是你该祭祀的鬼神，你却去祭祀，这是谄媚。见到该做的事却不做，是怯懦。”
英 译：Confucius said, “If you offer sacrifices to the ghosts and spirits who you should not do, then you will be considered toadying them. If you just stand by
with folded arms when you see something you should do, then you will be thought chicken-hearted.”