阳货篇第十七

原文:阳货欲见孔子,孔子不见,归孔子豚。孔子时其亡也,而往拜之,遇诸涂。谓孔子曰:“来!予与尔言。”曰:“怀其宝而迷其邦,可谓仁乎?”曰:“不可。”“好从事而亟失时,可谓知乎?”曰:“不可。”“日月逝矣,岁不我与。”孔子曰:“诺,吾将仕矣。”

白话:阳货想见孔子,孔子不见,他就给孔子送了一只烤乳猪,目的在于迫使孔子去他家致谢。孔子乘他不在家时去拜谢,可不料却在半路上遇见了。阳货对孔子说:“来,我有话要跟你说。”孔子走过去,阳货说:“有本领却藏起来而听任国家大乱,这能叫仁吗?”孔子说:“不能。”阳货说:“总想干大事而又屡次错过机会,这能叫明智吗?”孔子说:“不能。”阳货说:“时间一天天过去了,年岁是不等人的。”孔子说:“好吧,那我就去做官吧。”

翻译:YangHuowantedtovisitConfuciusbutConfuciusrefused.HegaveConfuciusaroastedsuckingpigaimingtoforceConfuciustovisithimexpressinggratitude.ConfuciusdeliberatelywenttovisithimwhenYangHuo

wasoutbutunexpectedlyhemetwithhimontheway.YangHuosaidtoConfucius,“Comeon!Ihavesomethingtotalkwithyou.”ConfuciussteppedupandYangHuosaid,“You’reamanofabilitybutyouliveasecludedlife

andletthecoutrysufferfromagreatdisorder.Canitbecalledhumanity?”Confuciussaid,“No.”YangHuosaidcontinuously,“Youalwayswanttodobigthingsbutyouhavemissedchancesagainandagain.Canitbecalled

wisdom?”Confuciussaid,“No.”YangHuosaid,“Timepasseddaybyday.Agedoesn’twaitforanyone.”Confuciussaid,“Allright.I’llbeoutandseekapostthen.”

原文:子曰:“性相近也,习相远也。”

白话:孔子说:“人的本性相近,但习惯却会相差很远。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Allpeople’snatureisnearlythesame,buttheirhabitscanbequitedifferenct.”

原文:子曰:“唯上知与下愚不移。”

白话:孔子说:“只有上等的智者与下等的愚者是无法改变的。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Itisthewisemenofupperclassandthestupidmenofgrass-rootclassthatcannotbechanged.”

原文:子之武城,闻弦歌之声。夫子莞尔而笑,曰:“割鸡焉用牛刀?”子游对曰:“昔者偃也闻诸夫子曰:‘君子学道则爱人,小人学道则易使也。’”子曰:“二三子!偃之言是也。前言戏之耳。”

白话:孔子到武城,听见弹琴唱歌的声音。孔子微笑着说:“杀鸡何必用宰牛的刀呢?”子游回答说:“以前我听先生说过,‘君子学习了礼乐就能爱人,小人学习了礼乐就容易受指使。’”孔子说:“同学们,言偃的话是对的。我刚才说的话,只是开个玩笑而已。”

翻译:ConfuciuscametoWuChengCityandheardthesoundinterspersedwithsingningandaccompaniedwithpluckedinstruments.Smiling,Confuciussaid,“What’sthenecessacitytokillachickenwithabutcher’knifeforox-killing?”

ZtuYoureplied,“BeforeIonceheardyousay,‘Afterlearningpropietiesandmusic,gentlemenwilllovepeople;afterlearningpropietiesandmusic,vulgarianswillbeeasilyincited.’”Confuciussaid,“Mydearstudent,whatYan

Yansaidiscorrect.AndwhatIsaidjustnowisonlyforfun.”

原文:公山弗扰以费畔,召,子欲往。子路不悦,曰:“末之也已,何必公山氏之之也。”子曰:“夫召我者,而岂徒哉?如有用我者,吾其为东周乎?”

白话:公山弗扰以费邑为据点叛乱,招纳孔子,孔子想去。子路不高兴地说:“没地方去也就罢了,何必非要到公山弗扰那里去呢?”孔子说:“他来召我,难道没有原因吗?如果有人用我,我就不能在东方重建周朝吗?”

翻译:TakingFeiCountyasastronghold,GongshanFuraoroseinrebellionandinvitedConfucius.Confuciuswantedtogo.ZiLusaidunhappily,“Ifthereis

nowhereforyoutogo,letitgoatthat.What’stheneedtoaccepttheinvitationofGongshanFurao?”Confuciussaid,“Coulditbesaidthatthereisnoreason

forhimtoinviteme?Ifsomeonewantstouseme,surelyitdoesn’tmeanthatIcannotrebuildanewZhouDynastyintheeast.”

原文:子张问仁于孔子。孔子曰:“能行五者于天下为仁矣。”问:“请问之。”曰:“恭、宽、信、敏、惠。恭则不侮,宽则得众,信则人任焉,敏则有功,惠则足以使人。”

白话:子张问孔子什么叫仁。孔子说:“能够处处做到五点就是达到仁了。”子张说:“请问哪五种。”孔子说:“庄重、宽厚、诚实、勤敏、慈惠。庄重能免遭侮辱,宽厚能得民心,诚信能受重用,勤敏能获成功,慈惠能善用人。”

翻译:ZiZhangaskedConfuciusabouthumanity.Confuciussaid,“Ifyoucandofivethingsthenyoucanbeconsideredmanofhumanity.”ZiZhangsaid,“What

arethey?”Confuciussaid,“Seriousness,generosity,honesty,diligenceandkindness.Seriousnesscanhelpyouavoidbeinginsulted;generositycanhelp

youwinsupportsofthepeople;honestycanhelpyouwinimportantpositions;diligencecanhelpyoutobecrownedwithsuccess;kindnesscanhelpyouproperlyusepersonsoftalent.”

原文:佛肸召,子欲往。子路曰:昔者由也闻诸夫子曰:‘亲于其身为不善者,君子不入也。’佛肸以中牟畔,子之往也,如之何?”子曰:“然,有是言也。不曰坚乎,磨而不磷;不曰白乎,涅而不缁。吾岂匏瓜也哉?焉能系而不食?”

白话:佛肸召孔子去,孔子打算前往。子路说:“从前我听先生说过:‘亲手做坏事的人那里,君子是不去的。’现在佛肸据中牟反叛,你却要去,这如何解释呢?”孔子说:“是的,我有过这样的话。不是说硬东西磨不坏吗?不是说白东西染不黑吗?难道我就是个苦葫芦吗?怎么能只挂不能吃呢?”

翻译:BiXiinvitedConfuciusandhewantedtogo.ButZiLusaid,“Iheardyousaidbefore,‘Gentlemendon’tgotopersonswhodobadthingspersonally.’NowBiXitakesZhongMouasastrongholdandhasriseninrebellion.But

youwanttogothere.Howcanyouexplainit?”Confuciussaid,“Yes,Ioncesaidthis.Butdoyouknowthathardthingcannotbewornoutbyrubbingand

whitethingcannotbeblackenedwithdyestuff?CoulditbesaidI’mabittergourdwhichcanjustbehungtherebutcannotbeeaten?”

原文:子曰:“由也,女闻六言六蔽矣乎?”对曰:“未也。”“居,吾语女。好仁不好学,其蔽也愚;好知不好学,其蔽也荡;好信不好学,其蔽也贼;好直不好学,其蔽也绞;好勇不好学,其蔽也乱;好刚不好学,其蔽也狂。”

白话:孔子说:“仲由啊,你听说过六种品德六种弊病吗?”仲由说:“没有。”孔子说:“坐下,我对你说。好仁不好学,弊病是愚蠢;好智不好学,弊病是放荡;好信不好学,弊病是误人;好直不好学,弊病是刻薄;好勇不好学,弊病是作乱;好刚不好学,弊病是狂妄。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“ZhongYou,haveyoueverheardofsixvirtuesandsixdefects?”ZhongYousaid,“No.”Confuciussaid,“Sitdown.Letmetellyou.Laystressonhumanitybutnotonstudy,itsdefectisstupidity;laystresson

wisdombutnotonstudy,itsdefectisloose;laystressonhonestybutnotonstudy,itsdefectismisleadingpeople;laystressonstraightforwardnessbutnotonstudy,itsdefectiscausticity;laystressonbravenessbutnotonstudy,its

defectistoriseinrevolt;laystressonfirmnessandunyieldingnessbutnotonstudy,itsdefectisfranticness.”

原文:子曰:“小子何莫学夫诗。诗,可以兴,可以观,可以群,可以怨。迩之事父,远之事君;多识于鸟兽草木之名。”

白话:孔子说:“学生们为什么不学习《诗》呢?学《诗》可以激发情致,可以心胸达观,可以与人合群,可以抒发怨怒。近可孝敬父母,远可事奉君主;还可以多知道一些鸟兽草木的名字。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Mystudents,whydon’tyoustudyTheBookofOdes?ThroughthestudyofTheBookofOdes,youcanarousedelightsoflife,youcanbebroad-minded,youcangetonwellwithothers,youcanexpress

resentment.Near,youcanwellshowfilialdevotiontoyourparentsandfaryoucanwellservethelord.Moreover,youcanalsolearnsomenamesofbirds,animals,plantsandtrees.”

原文:子谓伯鱼曰:“女为《《周南》》、《召南》矣乎?人而不为《周南》》、《召南》》,其犹正墙面而立也与?”

白话:孔子对伯鱼说:“你学习《周南》、《召南》了吗?一个人如果不学习《周南》、《召南》,那不就像面对墙壁而站着吗?”

翻译:ConfuciussaidtoBoYu,“HaveyoulearnedZhounanandZhaonan?Ifamandoesn’tlearnZhounanandZhaonan,isn’titliketostandfacingawall?”

原文:子曰:“礼云礼云,玉帛云乎哉?乐云乐云,钟鼓云乎哉?”

白话:孔子说:“礼呀礼呀,说的是玉帛吗?乐呀乐呀,说的是钟鼓吗?”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Giftsandgifts,dotheymeanjadeandsilk?Musicandmusic,doesitmeanbellanddrum?”

原文:子曰:“色厉而内荏,譬诸小人,其犹穿窬之盗也与?”

白话:孔子说:“外表严厉而内心虚弱,用这句话比喻小人,就像是挖墙洞的盗贼吧?”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Afiercelookcoversacowardheart.Ifweusethissentencetodrawananalogytovulgarians,aren’ttheylikethieveswhocommittheftbyboringholesinthewall?”

原文:子曰:“乡愿,德之贼也。”

白话:孔子说:“老好人,就是破坏道德的人。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Menofnoprinciplearedemoralizedpersons.”

原文:子曰:“道听而涂说,德之弃也。”

白话:孔子说:“路上听到就到处传播,这与道德背道而驰。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Hearsayrunscountertomorality.”

原文:子曰:“鄙夫可与事君也与哉?其未得之也,患得之。既得之,患失之。苟患失之,无所不至矣。”

白话:孔子说:“可以和小人一起共同事奉君主吗?这种人在没当官时,总怕当不上。当上了,又怕丢官。如果他们总怕丢乌纱帽,那就什么事都干得出来了。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Canweworktogetherwithvulgariansatservingthelord?Whenthey’vegotnoofficialposts,theyarealwaysafraidofbeingunableto

get.Butwhenthey’vegotone,theyareafraidoflosingit.Ifwhattheyalwaysworryaboutisjustlosingofficeposts,thenthereisnothingtheycannotdo.”

原文:子曰:“古者民有三疾,今也或是之亡也。古之狂也肆,今之狂也荡;古之矜也廉,今之矜也忿戾;古之愚也直,今之愚也诈而已矣。”

白话:孔子说:“古人有三种毛病,而今人这三种毛病恐怕已变本加厉了。古代狂妄的人者不过是自高自大,而现在狂妄的人却是放荡无羁;古代骄傲的人不过是说一不二,现在骄傲的人却是蛮横凶残;古代愚笨的人不过是直来直去,现在的愚笨的人却是狡猾奸诈。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Theancientpeoplehadthreeweakpointsbutwhatthepresentpeopledoisprobablytomakethemintensified.Whattheancientfranticpersonsdidwasonlytoshowself-importantance,butwhatthepresentfrantic

personsdoistoleadalooselife;whattheancientarrogantpersonsdidwasonlynevertogobackontheirwords,butwhatthepresentarrogantpersonsdoistobearbitraryandcruel;whattheancientstupidpersonsdidwasonly

tobestraightforward,butwhatthepresentstupidpersonsdoistobeslyandfraudulent.”

原文:子曰:“巧言令色,鲜仁矣。”

白话:孔子说:“花言巧语,装出和颜悦色的样子,这种人的仁心就很少了。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Talkingplausiblywithfeignamialblelooks,peopleofthissortarescarelybenevolent.”

原文:子曰:“恶紫之夺朱也,恶郑声之乱雅乐也,恶利口之覆邦家者。”

白话:孔子说:“我厌恶用紫色代替红色,厌恶用郑声扰乱雅乐,厌恶用妖言颠覆国家的人。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Ihatepeoplewhoreplaceredwithpurple,disturbrefinedmusicwithpopularmusicandsubvertagovernmentwithfallacies.”

原文:子曰:“予欲无言。”子贡曰:“子如不言,则小子何述焉?”子曰:“天何言哉?四时行焉,百物生焉,天何言哉?”

白话:孔子说:“我想不再说话了。”子贡说:“你如果不说话,那我们这些学生还有什么可说呢?”孔子说:“天何尝说话呢?天虽然没说话,可四季照常运行,百物照样生长。天说过什么话呢?”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Idon’twanttosayanymore.”ZiGongsaid,“Ifyoudon’twanttosayanymore,thenwhatcanwestudentssay?”Confuciussaid,“Has

Heaveneversaidanything?No.YetevenHeavenhassaidnothing,thefourseasonsmoveregularlyandeverythingintheworldgrowsasuasual.HasHeavensaidanything?”

原文:孺悲欲见孔子,孔子辞以疾。将命者出户,取瑟而歌,使之闻之。

白话:孺悲想见孔子,孔子以有病为由推辞不见。传话的人刚出门,孔子就取出瑟边弹边唱,故意让孺悲听到。

翻译:RuBeiwantedtoseeConfuciusbutConfuciusdelinedtoseehimonthepretextofillness.Yetassoonasthemanwhosentwordswalkedout,takingoutaSe(amusicinstrument),Confuciussangasheplayedit.Onpurpose,hewantedtoletRuBeihearit.

原文:宰我问:“三年之丧,期已久矣。君子三年不为礼,礼必坏;三年不为乐,乐必崩。旧谷既没,新谷既升,钻燧改火,期可已矣。”子曰:“食夫稻,衣夫锦,于女安乎?”曰:“安。”“女安则为之。夫君子之居丧,食旨不甘,闻乐不乐,居处不安,故不为也。今女安,则为之!”宰我出,子曰:“予之不仁也!子生三年,然后免于父母之怀,夫三年之丧,天下之通丧也。予也有三年之爱于其父母乎?”

白话:宰我问:“三年服丧期,太长了。君子三年不讲究礼仪,礼仪必然败坏;三年不演奏音乐,音乐必然会荒废。旧谷吃完,新谷登场,钻木取火也该改一改,因此丧期有一年就可以了。”孔子说:“才一年你就吃开了大米饭,穿起了锦缎衣,你心安理得吗?”宰我说:“我心安理得。”孔子说:“你心安理得,那你就那样去做吧!君子守丧,吃美味不觉得香甜,听音乐不觉得快乐,住在家里不觉得舒服,所以不那样做。如今你既觉得心安理得,那你就那样去做吧!”宰我出去后,孔子说:“宰予真是不仁啊!小孩生下来,到三岁时才能离开父母的怀抱。服丧三年,这是天下通行的丧礼。宰我也从父母那里得到过三年的爱吗?”

翻译:ZaiWosaid,“Thethree-year-funeral-periodistoolong.Ifgentlemendonotstudyproprietiesthreeyears,proprietieswillberuined;ifgentlemendonotplaymusicthreeyears,musicwillbeneglected.Oldgrainisrunout,newone

willcomeout.Andthemethodofmakingfirebydrillingwoodshouldbechanged.Therefore,oneyearisenoughforafuneral-period.”Confuciussaid,“Onlyoneyearpassed,youdobegineatingriceandwearingsilk.Doyoufeelquiteat

ease?”ZaiWosaid,“Yes,Ido.”Confuciussaid,“Sinceyoufeelquiteatease,youcandothatway.Duringfuneralperiod,gentlemendonotfeeltastywheneatingdeliciousfood,donotfeelhapplywhenlisteningmusic,donotfeel

comfortablewhenlivingathome.Sogentlemendonotdolikethat.Sinceyoufeelquiteatease,thenyoucandothatway.”AfterZaiWoleft,Confuciussaid,“ZaiWoisreallylackofhumanity!Afterbeingborn,alittlebabydoesnotleave

hismother’sembranceuntilheisthreeyearsold.Keepingathree-year-funeral-periodistheusualfuneralpropriety.CoulditbesaidthatZaiWohavegotnothree-year-loveatallfromhisparents?”

原文:子路曰:“饱食终日,无所用心,难矣哉!不有博弈者乎?为之,犹贤乎已。”

白话:孔子说:“一天到晚除了吃饱饭,别的什么心思也不走,实在太难了!不是还有下棋的游戏吗?干这个,也比闲着强。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“It’sreallytoodifficulttoloafthroughthedaywell-fedandtakingnothingseriously!Thereisachessgame,isn’tthere?Playingchessismuchbetterthanlivinginidleness.”

原文:子路曰:“君子尚勇乎?”子曰:“君子义以为上。君子有勇而无义为乱,小人有勇而无义为盗。”

白话:子路说:“君子崇尚勇敢吗?”孔子说:“君子把道义看作至高无上的品德,君子勇敢但不讲道义就会作乱,小人勇敢但不讲道义就会行窃。”

翻译:ZiLuasked,“Dogentlmenupholdbraveness?”Confuciussaid,“Gentlemenconsiderjusticeasthebestmorality.Ifagentlemanisbravebutdoesn’tuphold

justice,hewillmaketroubles.Ifavulagarinisbravebutdoesn’tupholdjustice,hewillcommittheft.”

原文:子贡曰:“君子亦有恶乎?”子曰:“有恶。恶称人之恶者,恶居下流而讪上者,恶勇而无礼者,恶果敢而窒者。”曰:“赐也亦有恶乎?”“恶徼以为知者,恶不孙以为勇者,恶讦以为直者。”

白话:子贡说:“君子也有厌恶的人吗?”孔子说:“有。厌恶张扬别人短处的人,厌恶身居下位而诽谤位居高位者的人,厌恶勇敢而不讲礼节的人,厌恶固执而不通情达理的人。”孔子又说:“赐,你也有厌恶的人吗?”子贡说:“厌恶剽窃他人却说自己聪明的人,厌恶把不谦虚当做勇敢的人,厌恶把揭别人短处当作直率的人。”

翻译:ZiGongasked,“Dogentlemendetestanyone?”Confuciussaid,“Yes,ofcourse.Theydetestpersonswhopublicizeothers’weakpoints,detestpersonswhoareinlowerpositionsbutdefamepersonsinhigherposions,detestpersons

whoarebravebutdon’tpayattentiontoproprieties,detestpersonswhoarestubbonbutdon’tmakeanyexceptions.”Confuciussaid,“Ci,doyoudetestanyone?”ZiGongsaid,“Yes.Idetestpersonswhoplagiarizeothers’works

butpraisethemselves,detestpersonswhoconsiderun-modestyasbraveness,detestpersonswhotakedisclosingothers’faultsasstraightforwardness.”

原文:子曰:“唯女子与小人为难养也,近之则不孙,远之则怨。”

白话:孔子说:“只有女子和小人是最难对付的,亲近他们,他们就会无礼,疏远他们,他们就会抱怨。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Womenandvulgariansaretheonlyoneswhoaredifficulttodealwith.Ifyouareonintimatetermswiththem,theywillneglectproprieties.Butifyoukeepthematadistance,theywillcomplain.”

原文:子曰:“年四十而见恶焉,其终也已。”

白话:孔子说:“到四十岁还被人所厌恶,他这辈子也就算完了。”

翻译:Confuciussaid,“Ifapersonisstilldetestedbyothersattheageofforty,thenhiswholelifeisover.”