季氏篇第十六
原文：季氏将伐颛臾。冉有、季路见于孔子曰：“季氏将有事于颛臾。”孔子曰：“求！无乃尔是过与？夫颛臾，昔者先王以为东蒙主，且在城邦之中矣，是社稷之臣也。何以伐为？”冉有曰：“夫子欲之，吾二臣者皆不欲也。”孔子
曰：“求！周任有言曰：‘陈力就列，不能者止。’危而不持，颠而不扶，则将焉用彼相矣？且尔言过矣，虎兕出于柙，龟玉毁于椟中，是谁之过与？”冉有曰：“今夫颛臾，固而近于费。今不取，后世必为子孙忧。”
孔子曰：“求！君子疾夫舍曰欲之而必为之辞。丘也闻有国有家者，不患寡而患不均，不患贫而患不安。盖均无贫，和无寡，安无倾。夫如是，故远人不服，则修文德以来之。既来之，则安之。今由与求也，相夫子，远人不服而不能来也，邦分崩离析而不能守也；而谋动干戈于邦内。吾恐季孙之忧，不在颛臾，而在萧墙之内也。”
白话：季氏要攻打颛臾，冉有、季路去见孔子说：“季氏快要攻打颛臾了。”孔子说：“冉求，这不是你的错吗？颛臾曾做过先王的东蒙主，而且就在鲁国境内。是鲁国的一部分，为何要打它？”冉有说：“季氏要打的，我二人都不想打。”孔子说：“冉求，有句老话说：‘在其位就要尽其责，不然就辞职’，危险时不支持，跌倒时不搀扶，要你这个助手何用？而且，你还说错了，虎兕跑出笼子，龟玉毁在盒中，是谁的错？”冉有说：“现在颛臾城墙坚固，又离费城很近，现在不夺过来，将来会成为子孙的后患。”孔子说：“冉求，君子痛恨那种不说自己‘想要’，却要找理由辩解的人。我听说有国有家的人，不怕钱少而
怕不平均，不怕贫穷而怕不安定。因为，平均了就没有贫穷，大家和睦就感觉不到人少，安定了就没有危险。这样，如果远方的人不服，就用仁政招徕他们；来了之后，就要安抚他们。现在你二人辅助季氏，远人不服却不能招徕他们，国家分崩离析却不能保全，反而想着在国内使用武力，我只怕季孙的危险不在颛臾，而在自己的内部。”
翻译：JiShiwasgoingtoattackZhuanYu.RanYouandJiLucametoConfuciusandsaid,“JiShiwasgoingtomakeanassaultonZhuanYu.”Confuciussaid,“RanQiu,isthisyourfault?ZhuanYuwasoncethesponsortooffersacrificestoMountDongmenganditislocatedwithinthecountryLu.SinceitisapartofLu,what’sthereasonforhimtoattackit?”RanYousaid,“ItisJiShithat
wantstoattackZhuanYubutwetwodon’tagreewithhim.”Confuciussaid,“RanQiu,Asanoldsayinggoes,‘Sinceyouoccupyaposition,youshouldtaketherelativeresponsibilities.Orelse,youshouldresign.’Whenpersons
areindanger,youdon’tshowanysupport;whenpersonsfalldown,youdon’tlendthemahelpinghand,thenwhat’stheusetohaveassistantslikeyou?Worseofall,whatyousaidiswrong.Ifashe-rhinocerosrunsoutofacage
andaturtle-jadeisdestroyedwithinabox,thenwhosefaultisit?”RanYousaid,“NowZhuanYuenjoysstrongcitywallsandislocatedveryneartoFeiCity.Ifwedon’tattackitnowI’mafraidthatendlesstroubleswillbeleftover
toourfuturegenerations.”Confuciussaid,“RanQiu,gentlemenhatepeoplewhodon’tsaytheywanttodosomethingbuttrytheirbesttojustifytheirconductinstead.Iheardthatpeoplewhohavetheirowncountriesandfamiliesarenot
afraidoflackingmoneybutafraidofunequal,notafraidofpovertybutafraidofunrest.Thereasonisthatsolongasthereisequalitytherewillnotbepoverty.Ifpeopleliveinamitywithotherstheywon’tfeelthesparsenessofpopulation
andiftheyliveinpeacetheywon’tmeetwithanydangers.Thenyoucansolicitpeoplefromfarawaywithhumanitywhorefusestogivein.Andyoucanpacifythemaftertheirarrival.AstwoassistantstoJiShinow,yetyoucannotsolicit
peoplefromfarawaywhorefusetogivein.Whenyourcountryisonthevergeofcollapse,youcandonothingtosaveitbutinsteadyoushouldwanttoresorttoforce.I’mafraidthatthedangerofJiliesjustinyourselfbutnotinZhuanYu.”
原文：孔子曰：“天下有道，则礼乐征伐自天子出；天下无道，则礼乐征伐自诸侯出。自诸侯出，盖十世希不失矣；自大夫出，五世希不失矣；陪臣执国命，三世希不失矣。天下有道，则政不在大夫。天下有道，则庶人不议。”
白话：孔子说：“天下太平时，实权一定都在中央。天下混乱时，实权一定都在地方。实权在省级，天下太平的局面最多能操持十代，再往后，很少有不亡国；实权在地级，天下太平的局面最多操持五代，再往后，很少有不亡国的；县级官员为所欲为，天下太平的局面最多能保持三代，再往后，很少有不亡国的。天下太平，则实权不在地方；天下太平，则百姓不会抱怨社会。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“Whenthereisagreatorderacrosstheland,therealpowerliessurelyinthecentralauthority;whenthereisagreatdisorderunderheaven,therealpowerliescertainlyinlocalauthorities.Whenrealpowerliesin
authoritiesofprovinciallevel,thegreatorderacrossthelandcanbekepttengenerationsatmost.Iftherealpowerliesinauthoritiesofprovinciallevelmorethantengenerations,nearlynocountriescanavoidbeingdestroyed.Ifthe
realpowerliesinauthoritiesofprefecturelevel,thegreatorderacrossthelandcanbekeptfivegenerationsatmost.Iftherealpowerliesinauthoritiesofprefecturelvelmorethanfivegenerations,nearlynocountriescanavoid
beingdestroyed.Iftherealpowerliesinauthoritiesofcountylevel,thegreatordercanbekeptthreegenerationsatmost.Iftherealpowerliesinauthoritiesofcountylevelmorethanthreegenerations,nearlynocountiescanavoid
beingdestroyed.Ifthereisagreatorderacrosstheland,therealpowercertainlydoesnotlieinlocalauthorities.Andifthereisagreatorderunderheaven,peopledonotcomplaintheirsocietyatall.”
原文：孔子曰：“禄之去公室五世矣，政逮于大夫四世矣，故夫三桓之子孙微矣。”
白话：孔子说：“鲁国失去大权旁落已经有五代了，实权落在大夫之手已经四代了，所以三桓的子孙也衰微了。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“ThecentralauthorityofthecountryLuhaslostitsreal
powerforfivegenerations.Andtherealpowerhasfallenintotheprovincialauthorityforfourgenerations.ThereforetheposterityofthethreeHeng’sfamilieshasfallenintodecay.”
原文：孔子曰：“益者三友，损者三友。友直，友谅，友多闻，益矣。友便辟，友善柔，友便佞，损矣。”
白话：孔子说：“有益的朋友有三种，有害的朋友有三种。与正直的人交朋友、与诚实的人交朋友、与见多识广的人交朋友，有益处；与走邪门歪道的人交朋友、与谗媚奉迎的人交朋友、与花言巧语的人交朋友，有害处。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“Therearethreecategoriesofgoodfriendsandthreecategoriesofbadones,too.It’sgoodforyoutomakefriendswith
straightforwardpeople,honestpeopleandexperiencedandlearnedpeople.It’sharmfultomakefriendswithpeoplewhotakecrookedways,whofawnonothersandwhoaresmooth-tongued.”
原文：孔子曰：“益者三乐，损者三乐。乐节礼乐，乐道人之善，乐多贤友，益矣。乐骄乐，乐佚游，乐晏乐，损矣。”
白话：孔子说：“有益的喜好有三种，有害的喜好有三种。喜好以礼乐调节自己，喜好称道别人的好处，喜好多结交贤德之友，这是有益的。喜好骄奢淫逸，喜欢游手好闲，喜欢大吃大喝，这是有害的。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“Therearethreesortsofhelpfullikings,andtherearealsothreesortsofharmfullikings.Likingtoadjustoneselfwithproprietiesandmusic,
likingtopraiseothers’strongpoints,likingtomakemanyfriendswithpersonsofintegrity,theyarehelpful;likingtowallowinluxuryandpleasure,likingtoliveinidleness,likingtobespendthriftinfeastingareharmful.”
原文：孔子曰：“侍于君子有三愆：言未及之而言谓之躁，言及之而不言谓之隐，未见颜色而言谓之瞽。”
白话：孔子说：“奉陪君子有三种过失：不该说的时候就说，这叫急躁；该说的时候不说，这叫隐瞒；不看君子脸色而贸然说话，这叫瞎子。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“Whenyoukeepagentlemancompany,therearethree
faultsyoushouldpayattentionto:speakwhenyoushouldn’t,thisiscalled‘beingimpatient’;donotspeakwhenyoushoulddo,thisiscalled“concealing’;speakwithoutadaptingyourselftothelookinhiseyes,thisiscalled‘beingblind’.”
原文：孔子曰：“君子有三戒：少之时，血气未定，戒之在色；及其壮也，血气方刚，戒之在斗；及其老也，血气既衰，戒之在得。”
白话：孔子说：“君子有三种坏习气要戒除：年轻时，血气未足，要戒色欲；年壮时，血气正旺，要戒争斗；年老时，血气已衰，要戒贪婪。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“Therearethreebadhabitsforgentlementogiveup:when
young,theyareshortofsap,sotheymustgiveupbeingaddictedtosex;whengrownup,theyarefullofsap,sotheymustgiveupfighting;whenold,theyarefeebleinsap,sotheymustgiveupgreed.”
原文：孔子曰：“君子有三畏：畏天命，畏大人，畏圣人之言。小人不知天命而不畏也，狎大人，侮圣人之言。”
白话：孔子说：“君子有三件事要敬畏：敬畏大自然、敬畏大人物、敬畏圣人言论。小人不懂自然规律因而也就不敬畏大自然，不尊重大人物，不拿圣人言论当回事。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“Therearethreethingswhichgentlemenshouldhighlyesteem,namely,MotherNature,VIPandwordsofsages.Vulgariansdon’t
understandlawofnatureandthereforetheydon’thighlyesteemMotherNatureandVIPanddon’ttreatwordsofsagesseriouslyeither.”
原文：孔子曰：“生而知之者，上也；学而知之者，次也；困而学之，又其次也；困而不学，民斯为下矣。”
白话：孔子说：“天生就知道的，是一等人；学习才知道的，是二等人；遇到困难才去学习的，是三等人；遇到困难也不学习的，就是下等人了。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“AmanwhoisbornwithknowledgeisgradeA;aman
knowssomethingthroughstudyisgradeB;amanwhostartstostudyaftermeetingwithdifficultiesisgradeC;amanwhorefusestostudyevenaftermeetingwithdifficultiesisgradeD.”
原文：孔子曰：“君子有九思：视思明，听思聪，色思温，貌思恭，言思忠，事思敬，疑思问，忿思难，见得思义。”
白话：孔子说：“君子有九件事要仔细考虑：看，要考虑是否看清；听，要考虑是否听清；检查自己神情，要考虑是否温和；察看自己容貌，要考虑是否端庄；说话，要考虑是否诚恳；办事，要考虑是否敬业；怀疑，要考虑是否应该求教；愤怒，要考虑是否有后患；获利，要思考是否正当。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“Gentlemenhaveninethingstoconsideraboutcarefully:
whenlooking,theyshouldconsiderwhethertheseeclearly;whenlistening,theyshouldconsiderwhethertheyhearclearly;whenexaminingself-expression,theyshouldconsiderwhetheritismildandrefined;whenscrutinizing
self-appearance,theyshouldconsiderwhetheritisdecorous;whenspeaking,theyshouldconsiderwhethertheyarehonesty;whenmanagingbusiness,theyshouldconsiderwhethertheyarediligent;whendoubting,theyshouldconsider
whethertheyshouldseekadvice;whenbeingangry,theyshouldconsiderwhetherthereisanyfuturetrouble;whenmakingprofits,theyshouldconsiderwhetheritisreasonable.”
原文：子曰：“见善如不及，见不善如探汤。吾见其人矣，吾闻其语矣。隐居以求其志，行义以达其道。吾闻其语矣，未见其人也。”
白话：孔子说：“看到别人行善，就觉得不如人家，看到别人作恶，就像把手伸到开水中赶快避开。我见到过这样的人，也听到过这样的话。以隐居避世保持自己的志向，以主持正义实现自己的理想。我听到过这种话，却没有见到过这样的人。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“Whenseeingothersdoinggoodworks,amanwouldfeel
thatheisnotsogoodasthegood-workdoers;whenseeingothersdoingevil,amanwouldavoidthemimmediatelyasifheputshishandintoboiledwateranddrawoutatonce.Ihaveseenthiskindofpeopleandalsoheardofthis
sortofwords.Amankeepshisidealsbylivingasecludedlifeandrealizeshisdreamsbyupholdingjustice.Ihaveheardofsuchwordsbuthavenotseensuchpeople.”
原文：齐景公有马千驷，死之日，民无德而称焉。伯夷叔齐饿死于首阳之下，民到于今称之。其斯之谓与？
白话：齐景公有马四千匹，可死的那天，百姓却觉得他没有什么德行值得称颂。伯夷、叔齐饿死在首阳山下，但百姓至今还在称颂他们。人们津津乐道的不就是这件事吗？
翻译：QiJingGonghad,horsesbutpeopledidnotthinkhehadanyvirtueworthypraisingontheverydaywhenhedied.BoYiandShuQidiedofhunger
inMt.Shouyangbuttheyhavelongbeenbeingpraisedevenuptonow.Whatpeopleliketotalkaboutisprobablythisstory,isn’tit?
原文：陈亢问于伯鱼曰：“子亦有异闻乎？”对曰：“未也。尝独立，鲤趋而过庭。曰：‘学诗乎？’对曰：‘未也。’‘不学诗，无以言。’鲤退而学诗。他日又独立，鲤趋而过庭。曰：‘学礼乎？’对曰：‘未也。’‘不学礼，无以立。’鲤退而学礼。闻斯二者。”陈亢退而喜曰：“问一得三。闻诗，闻礼，又闻君子之远其子也。”
白话：陈亢问伯鱼：“你从先生那里听到过什么特殊的教诲吗？”伯鱼回答说：“没有呀。有一次他独自站在堂上，我快步从庭里走过，他说：‘学《诗》了吗？’我回答说：‘没有。’他说：‘不学诗，就不懂得如何说话。’我回去就学《诗》。又有一天，他又独自站在堂上，我快步从庭里走过，他说：‘学礼了吗？’我回答说：‘没有。’他说：‘不学礼就不懂得如何立身。’我回去就学礼。我就听到过他这两次教诲。”陈亢回去高兴地说：“我提一个问题，得到三方面的收获，既听到了《诗》的作用，又听到了礼的功能，还听到了君子不偏爱自己儿子的美德。”
翻译：ChenGangaskedBoyu,“Haveyouheardanyspecialinstructionsfromourmaster?”Boyureplied,“No.Oneday,hewasstandingaloneinthehalland
Ipassquickly.Hesaidtome,‘HaveyoustudiedTheBookofOdes?’Ireplied,‘No.’Hesaid,‘Ifyoudon’tstudyTheBookofOdes,youwon’tknowhowto
speak.’Afterturningback,IbegantostudyTheBookofOdes.Anotherday,hewasstandingaloneinthehallandIpassquickly.Hesaidtome,‘Haveyoustudiedproprieties?’Ireplied,‘No.’Hesaid,‘Ifyoudon’tstudyproprieties,
youwon’tknowhowtofindafootholdinsociety.’Afterturningback,Ibegantostudyproprieties.OnlytwicehaveIeverheardhisinstructions.”Backofhome,ChenGangwasveryhappyandsaid,“IonlyaskedonequestionbutIlearned
threethings:firstly,IheardofthefunctionofTheBookofOdes;secondly,Iheardofthefunctionofproprieties;thirdly,Iheardofagentleman’svirtueabouthavingnopreferenceforhisownson.”
原文：邦君之妻，君称之曰夫人，夫人自称曰小童；邦人称之曰君夫人，称诸异邦曰寡小君；异邦人称之亦曰君夫人。
白话：国君的妻子，国君称她为夫人，夫人自称为小童；国人称她为君夫人，在外国人面前则称她为寡小君；外国人也称她为君夫人。
翻译：Asforthewifeofalord,thelordcallshermadam,butthewifecallsherselflittlekid;peoplecallherthewifeofthelordandbeforeforeignerscallherthelittlewifeofthelord;andtheforeignerscallherthewifeofthelord.