微子篇第十八

原文:微子去之,箕子为之奴,比干谏而死。孔子曰:“殷有三仁焉。”

白话:微子离开纣王,箕子被降为奴隶,比干因苦谏被杀。孔子说:“他们殷朝的三位仁人啊!”

翻译:Becauseofthesamecrimeofadmonition,WeiZileftthelordZhou,JiZiwasdegradedtoaslaveandBiGanwaskilled.Confuciussaid,“TherearethreepersonsofhumanityinYinDynasty.”

原文:柳下惠为士师,三黜。人曰:“子未可以去乎?”曰:“直道而事人,焉往而不三黜?枉道而事人,何必去父母之邦?”

白话:柳下惠当司法官,多次被罢免。有人说:“你不可以离开鲁国吗?”柳下惠说:“按正道事奉君主,到哪里还不是要被多次罢官?如果不按正道事奉君主,为什么一定要离开自己的国家呢?”

翻译:Asajudicialoffer,LiuXiahuiwasdismissedfromhispostthreetimes.Someoneaskedhim,“Can’tyouleavethecountryLu?”LiuXiahuisaid,“IfIservethelordopenandabove-board,howcanIfindagoodplaceformeto

avoidbeingdismissedfrequently?IfIservethelordbyfoulmeans,what’stheneedformetoleavemymotherland?”

原文:齐景公待孔子曰:“若季氏,则吾不能;以季、孟之间待之。”曰:“吾老矣,不能用也。”孔子行。

白话:齐景公讲到如何对待孔子时说:“像鲁君对待季氏那样,我做不到,我给他的待遇只能介乎季孟二氏之间。”又说:“我老了,不中用了。”孔子得知后便离开了齐国。

翻译:QiJinggongsaidsomethingaboutthewaytotreatConfucius,“IcannottreathimasthelordofthecountryLutreatedJi.IcanonlytreathiminawaybetweentheonesIusedtotreatJiandMeng.”Hethenadded,“I’mtooold

tobeuseful.”Learningthis,ConfuciusleftthecountryQi.

原文:齐人归女乐,季桓子受之,三日不朝。孔子行。

白话:齐国人向鲁国赠送歌女,季桓子不仅接受,而且三天不上朝。得知此事,孔子离开了。

翻译:SomeonefromthecountryQipresentedsomedancinggirlstothecountryLu.JiHengztunotonlyacceptedthembutalsorefusedtohaveanaudiencewiththesovereignruler.Learningthis,Confuciusleft.

原文:楚狂接舆歌而过孔子曰:“凤兮凤兮!何德之衰?往者不可谏,来者犹可追。已而已而!今之从政者殆而!”孔子下,欲与之言。趋而辟之,不得与之言。

白话:楚国狂人接舆唱着歌从孔子的车旁走过,他唱道:“凤啊,凤啊,你怎么这么倒霉呢?过去的不可挽回,未来的还来得及改正。算了,算了。如今的当政者太危险啦!”孔子下车,想同他谈谈,他却赶快避开,孔子没能和他谈成。

翻译:PassingbyConfucius,JieYu,themadmanofthecountryChuwassinging,“Phoenix,phoenix!Whyareyourunningintobadlucklikethis?Whateverpassedaway,youcannotretrieveit.Butwhatevercomeslater,youhavethe

timetochangeit.Letitgo,letitgo.Thepresentrulersaretoodangerous!”Gettingoffhiswagon,Confuciuswantedtospeakwithhim.ButthemadmanshunnedhimsothatConfuciusfailedtotalkwithhim.

原文:长沮、桀溺耦而耕。孔子过之,使子路问津焉。长沮曰:“夫执舆者为谁?”子路曰:“为孔丘。”曰:“是鲁孔丘与?”曰:“是也。”曰:“是知津矣。”问于桀溺。桀溺曰:“子为谁?”曰:“为仲由。”曰:“是孔丘之徒与?”对曰:“然。”曰:“滔滔者天下皆是也,而谁以易之?且而与其从辟人之士也,岂若从辟世之士哉?”耰而不辍。子路行以告。夫子怃然曰:“鸟兽不可与同群,吾非斯人之徒与而谁与?天下有道,丘不与易也。”

白话:长沮、桀溺一起耕田,孔子路过,让子路问路。长沮说:“那个驾车者是谁?”子路说:“是孔丘。”长沮问:“是鲁国孔丘吗?”子路说:“是。”长沮说:“他天生就应该知道路在哪里。”子路又去问桀溺。桀溺说:“你是谁?”子路说:“我是仲由。”桀溺说:“是鲁国孔丘的学生吗?”子路说:“是。”桀溺说:“坏人坏事像洪水一样泛滥,谁和你们去改变?你与其跟随避人的人,哪如跟随我们这些避世的人呢?”他边说边不停地播种。子路回来告诉孔子,孔子失望地说:“人不能和鸟兽相处,我不同人打交道而同谁打交道?如果天下太平,我就用不着改革了。”

翻译:ChangZuandJieNiworkedtogetherinthefields.Passingby,ConfuciusletZiLuasktheway.ChangJusaid,“Forwhomdoyoudrivethecart?”ZiLusaid,“ForConfucius.”ChangJuasked,“IshetheoneofthecountryLu?”

ZiLusaid,“Yes.”ZiJusaid,“Thenheshouldknowinnatelywherehiswayis.”ThenZiLuaskedJieNi.JieNiasked,“Whoareyou?”ZiLusaid,“I’mZhongYou.”JieNisaid,“AreyouastudentoftheKongQiuofthecountry

Lu?”ZiLusaid,“Yes.”Evildoersandevildeedsarespreadinguncheckedlikeoverflowingfood.Whoarewillingtoworkwithyoutoreversethetide?Isn’titbetterforyoutofollowuswhoretirefromtheworldthanfollowtheones

whoshunpersons?”Hetalkedandsowedatoncewithoutstopping.ZiLucamebackandtoldConfuciuswhattheysaid.Confuciussaiddisappointedly,“Humanbeingcannotgetlongwithbirdsandanimals.IfIdon’tgetlongwithhuman

being,whomIshouldgetlongwith?Ifthereisagreatorderacrosstheland,what’stheneedformetocarryoutreforms?”

原文:子路从而后,遇丈人,以杖荷蓧。子路问曰:“子见夫子乎?”丈人曰:“四体不勤,五谷不分,孰为夫子?”植其杖而芸。子路拱而立。止子路宿,杀鸡为黍而食之。见其二子焉。明日,子路行以告。子曰:“隐者也。”使子路反见之。至,则行矣。子路曰:“不仕无义。长幼之节,不可废也;君臣之义,如之何其废之?欲洁其身,而乱大伦。君子之仕也,行其义也。道之不行,已知之矣。”

白话:子路跟随孔子出行,落在后面,遇到一位老人,用拐杖挑着农具。子路问:“您见到我的老师吗?”老人说:“我忙得手脚闲不住,正播种五谷撒粪,那顾得上谁是你的老师?”说完,就拄着拐杖忙田里的活计。子路拱手站在一边。老人很感动就留子路过夜,杀鸡煮饭给他吃,又让两个儿子跟他见面。第二天,子路告辞,赶上孔子一行,把情况向孔子说了。孔子说:“一定是隐士呀。”他让子路返回去再见老人,到了他家,他已出门了。子路说:“不做官是不对的。长幼之间的礼节,当然不可废除;可君臣之间的大义,又怎能抛弃呢?想洁身自好,却违背君臣之间的大节。君子做官,只是履行义务,至于天下太平的追求,早就知道不行。”

译文FollowingConfuciusonatour,ZiLulaggedbehind.Hemetanoldmanwhowascarryingagrass-cuttingtoolwithhiswalkingstick.ZiLuasked,“Haveyouevermetwithmyteacher?”Theoldmansaid,“I’mtiedupwithwork,sowing

grainandspreadingmanure.Thereisnotimeformetoknowwhoisyourteacher.”Aftersayingthat,theoldmanwasstillworkinginthefields.ZiLuwasstandingbeside,cuppingonehandintheotherbeforehischestasan

obeisance.Deeplytouched,theoldmaninvitedZiLutostayovernightandentainhimwithchickenandlethimmeethistwosons.Nextday,ZiLusaidgoodbyetothehostandleft.WhencatchingupwithConfucius,ZiLutoldhim

thewholestory.Confuciussaid,“Hemustbeahermit.”HeletZiLugobacktomeettheoldmanagain.Buthewasout.ZiLusaidtohisteacher,“It’swrongnottoseekofficialposts.Theproprietiesrelatingrelationshipbetweenelder

andyoungcouldn’tbeabolished.Butitcouldnotbesaidthatthecustomrelatingrelationshipbetweenalordandhissubjectsshouldbeabandoned.It’snogoodtopreserveone’spuritybutatthesametimeviolateproprietiesbetweenlord

andsubject.Theaimofagentlemantoseekofficialpostsisonlytocarryouthisduty.Asforpursuingagreatorderacrosstheland,Iknowit’llgetusnowhere.”

原文:逸民:伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。子曰:“不降其志,不辱其身,伯夷、叔齐与?”谓柳下惠、少连,“降志辱身矣,言中伦,行中虑,其斯而已矣。”谓虞仲、夷逸,“隐居放言,身中清,废中权。”“我则异于是,无可无不可。”

白话:隐士:伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。孔子说:“不自降理想,不自辱身份,伯夷、叔齐就是这样吧?”说柳下惠、少连是“降低志向、屈辱身份,但说话合乎伦理、行动合乎理智,他们只做到这些。”说虞仲、夷逸“隐居起来,言论自由,洁身自好,辞官引退,这都合乎情理。”最后说:“我同他们不一样,我是怎么都行。”

翻译:Hernits:BoYi,ShuQi,YuZhong,YiYi,ZhuZhang,LiuXiahuiandShaoLian.Confuciussaid,“Donotself-lowerideal,donotself-humiliatestatus.BoQiandShuQiareamongthiskindofpeople,aren’tthey?”AsforLiuXiahui

andShaoLian,Confuciussaid,“Theyloweredtheiridealsandhumiliatedtheirstatus,buttheyspokeaccordingtomoralprinciplesandactedaccordingtotheirsenses.Thisiswhattheycouldonlydo.”AsforYuZhongandYiYi,hesaid,

“Theysecludedthemselvesfromsociety,enjoyedfreedomofspeech,preservedtheirpurityandresignedtheirofficialposts.Whattheydidwasallreasonable.”Hesaidatlast,“I’mquitedifferentfromthemIdon’tcareonewayoranother”

原文:大师挚适齐,亚饭干适楚,三饭缭适蔡,四饭缺适秦,鼓方叔入于河,播鼗武入于汉,少师阳、击磬襄入于海。

白话:大乐师挚去了齐国,二乐师干去了楚国,三乐师缭去了蔡国,四乐师缺去了秦国,击鼓师方叔去了黄河附近,摇鼓师武去了汉水附近,副乐师阳、击磬师襄去了海边。

翻译:Zhi,musicianNo.wenttothecountryQi;Gan,musicianNo.wenttoChu;

Liao,musicianNo.wenttoCai;Que,musicianNo.wenttoQin;FangShu,drum-beaterwenttoHuangheRivearea;Wu,drum-shakerwenttoHanshuiRiverarea;Yang,assistantmusicianandXiang,chime-beaterwenttoseashore.

原文:周公谓鲁公曰:“君子不施其亲,不使大臣怨乎不以。故旧无大故,则不弃也。无求备于一人。”

白话:周公对鲁公说:“君子不疏远亲属,不使大臣因未受启用而抱怨。旧友老臣没有大的过失,就不要抛弃,不要对人求全责备。”

翻译:ThelordofthecountryZhousaidtothelordofthecountryLu,“Gentlemendonotkeeptheirrelativesatadistanceanddonotlettheirobjectscomplainbecauseofbeingunemployed.Asforoldfriendsandobjects,donotdesert

themsolongastheydon’tmakeseriousmistakes.Justdonotdemandperfection.”

原文:周有八士:伯达、伯适、伯突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧。

白话:周代有八个士:伯达、伯适、伯突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧。

翻译:TherewereeightgentlemeninZhouDynasty,namelyBoDa,BoShi,BoTuZhongHu,ShuYe,ShuXia,JiSuiandJiGua.