尧曰篇第二十
原文：尧曰：“咨！尔舜！天之历数在尔躬，允执其中。四海困穷，天禄永终。”舜亦以命禹。曰：“予小子履，敢用玄牡，敢昭告于皇皇后帝：有罪不敢赦。帝臣不蔽，简在帝心。朕躬有罪，无以万方；万方有罪，罪在朕躬。”周有大赉，善人是富。“虽有周亲，不如仁人。百姓有过，在予一人。”谨权量，审法度，修废官，四方之政行焉。兴灭国，继绝世，举逸民，天下之民归心焉。所重：民、食、丧、祭。宽则得众，信则民任焉。敏则有功，公则说。
白话：尧说：“好啊！你这个舜。天命降临到你的身上，让你继承帝位。如果天下都很穷困，你的帝位也就永远结束了。”舜也这样告诫过禹。商汤说：“至高无上的上帝啊，你在人间的儿子——我——谨用黑牛来祭祀您，向您祷告：有罪的人我绝不敢赦免。一切善恶，我都不敢隐瞒，您无所不知，自然心中有数。如果我有罪，请不要牵连天下百姓；如果百姓有罪，罪都应归结到我身上。”周朝恩赐天下，使好人都富了。武王说：“我虽有至亲，都不如有仁人。百姓有错，在我一人。”孔子说：“谨慎地审查计量，周密地制定法度，建立公正的人事制度，让国家的法令畅通无阻，复兴灭绝的国家，承继断绝的世族，提拔埋没的人才，天下民心都会真心归服。掌权者应该重视百姓、粮食、丧葬、祭祀。宽容就能得到百姓的拥护，诚信就能使百姓信服。勤敏就能取得功绩，公正就能使百姓幸福。”
翻译：Yaosaid,“Good!YuShun.Heavenhasalreadyissuedanordertoletyousucceedtothethrone.Ifpeoplearepoor,yourrulingpositionasasovereignwillbeendedforever.”ShunalsoexhortedYuthisway.ShangTangsaid,“My
supremeHeaven,I-yoursononearth—wouldliketopresentyouablackcalfasapieceofsacrificialofferings.Iprayformyself:Iabsolutelydonotdaretopardonanyguiltypersons.Idaretoconcealneithergoodnorevil.You’re
omniscientsoyounaturallyknowhowthingsstand.IfI’mguilty,pleasedon’tdragthebroadmassesin;ifthemassesareguilty,tolayalltheblameonme.”ZhouDynastygrantedfavorstothemassesandletgoodpeoplebecomerich.
ThelordWusaid,“Ihavenearestrelativesbutit’snotsogoodastohavepeopleofhumanity.Ifthebroadmassescommiterrors,allblameshouldbeputonmeonly.”Confuciussaid,“Cautiouslyexaminemeasurement,carefully
laydownlaws,establishjustpersonnelsystem;letgovernmentordinancescarriedoutsmoothly;reviveperishedcountries;succeedtoseveredclans;promotestifledrealtalents.Ifallthesearewelldone,thebroadmasseswill
comeoverandgiveallallegiancetoyouwholeheartedly.Governorsshouldpayattentiontopeople,grains,funeralaffairsandsacrificialrites.Tolerancewinssupport;creditgetsconfidencefromothers;diligencewinssuccess;justicemakespeoplehappy.”
原文：
子张问孔子曰：“何如斯可以从政矣？”子曰：“尊五美，屏四恶，斯可以从政矣。”子张曰：“何谓五美？”子曰：“君子惠而不费，劳而不怨，欲而不贪，泰而不骄，威而不猛。”子张曰：“何谓惠而不费？”子曰：“因民之所利而利之，斯不亦惠而不费乎？择可劳而劳之，又谁怨？欲仁而得仁，又焉贪？君子无众寡，无大小，无敢慢，斯不亦泰而不骄乎？君子正其衣冠，尊其瞻视，俨然人望而畏之，斯不亦威而不猛乎？”子张曰：“何谓四恶？”子曰：“不教而杀谓之虐；不戒视成谓之暴；慢令致期谓之贼；犹之与人也，出纳之吝谓之有司。”
白话：子张问孔子：“怎样才能从政呢？”孔子说：“尊五美，去四恶，就可以从政了。”子张说：“什么是五美？”孔子说：“君子给人实惠而不浪费，让人做到劳而无怨，为他人富足着想而不贪图私利，平易近人而不骄傲自大，威武严肃而不凶猛可怕。”子张说：“怎样才能给人实惠而不浪费？”孔子说：“根据民众所需做有益于他们的事，不就是给人实惠而不浪费吗？让人们各尽所能谁还会怨恨？想施仁政而如愿以偿，还有什么可贪的呢？君子不管人口多少、不管年龄小大、都尊重他们，这不就是平易近人而不骄傲自大吗？君子衣冠整齐，注重仪表，庄重严肃，人人见了都很敬畏，不就是威武严肃而不凶猛可怕？”子张说：“什么是四恶？”孔子说：“不重教育重杀头叫虐待；不重教诲重成败叫暴戾；颁布命令迟缓却急于求成叫害人；想奖励他人却吝啬叫做小气。”
翻译：ZiZhangaskedConfucius,“Howtodealwithpolitics?”Confuciussaid,“Observefivefinecharactersandeliminatefourbadhabits.Bydoingso,youcandealwithpolitics.”ZiZhangsaid,“Whatarethosefivegoodcharacters?”
Confuciussaid,“Gentlemencangrantfavorstootherswithoutwastinganythingandmakepeoplebearresponsibilitieswithoutgrudge.Theyconsiderothers’richnesswithoutseekingpersonalinterests.Theyareeasytoapproachwithout
arroganceandlookseriousbutshownoviolence.”ZiZhangsaid,“Howtograntfavorstootherswithoutwastinganything?”Confuciussaid,“Doanythingbeneficialtopeopleaccordingtotheirneed.Isn’tit‘grantingfavorstoothers
withoutwastinganything’?Ifyoucanmakepeopledowhatevertheycan,theywillhavenothingtocomplainabout.Ifyouwanttocarryoutpoliciesofbenevolenceandyoucanobtainwhatyouwish,thenyouwillhavenoreasons
toseekpersonalinterests.Gentlemenrespectallpeoplewithoutconsideringtheirpopulation’snumberandage.Surelyitcouldbesaidthatyouareeasytoapproachwithoutarrogance.Alwayswelldressed,gentlemenpaymuch
attentiontotheirappearance.Theylooksolemnanddignifiedsothatothersstandinaweofthem.Surelyitcouldbeconsideredthatyoulookseriousbutshownoviolence.”ZiZhangsaid,“Whatarethosefourbadhabits?”Confucius
said,“Payingnoattentiontoeducationbutputtingstressonkillingiscalledilltreatment;payingnoattentiontoinstructionbutonlyconsideringaboutsuccessorfailureiscalledsavage;beingtardyinissuingordersbutimpatient
forsuccessiscalleddoingharmtopeople;wantingtoawardpeoplebutgivinglittleiscalledstinginess.”
原文：孔子曰：“不知命，无以为君子也；不知礼，无以立也；不知信，无以知人也。”
白话：孔子说：“不懂得天命，就不能做君子；不懂得道德规范，就无法立身处世；不懂得明辨是非，就不能了解人。”
翻译：Confuciussaid,“Ifyoudon’tunderstandobjectivelaws,youcannotbea
gentleman;ifyoudon’tunderstandmoralnorms,youcannotconductyourselfwellinsociety;ifyoudon’tunderstandhowtodistinguishbetweentruthandfalsehood,youcannotknowpeoplewell.”